Ebook: Interstitial Intermetallic Alloys

It is well known that the density of molecular hydrogen can be increased by compression and/or cooling, the ultimate limit in density being that of liquid hydrogen. It is less well known that hydrogen densities of twice that of liquid hydrogen can be obtained by intercalating hydrogen gas into metals. The explanation of this unusual paradox is that the absorption of molecular hydrogen, which in TiFe and LaNis is reversible and occurs at ambient temperature and pressure, involves the formation of hydrogen atoms at the surface of a metal. The adsorbed hydrogen atom then donates its electron to the metal conduction band and migrates into the metal as the much smaller proton. These protons are easily accomodated in interstitial sites in the metal lattice, and the resulting metal hydrides can be thought of as compounds formed by the reaction of hydrogen with metals, alloys, and intermetallic compounds. The practical applications of metal hydrides span a wide range of technologies, a range which may be subdivided on the basis of the hydride property on which the application is based. The capacity of the metal hydrides for hydrogen absorption is the basis for batteries as well as for hydrogen storage, gettering, and purification. The temperature-pressure characteristics of metal hydrides are the basis for hydrogen compressors, sensors, and actuators. The latent heat of the hydride formation is the basis for heat storage, heat pumps, and refrigerators.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-viii
An Introduction to the Formation of Interstitial Alloys Through Gas-Solid Reactions....Pages 1-6
Fundamental Concepts and Units in Magnetism and Thermodynamics....Pages 7-21
Matter and Magnetism: The Origin of the Problem....Pages 23-41
Thermodynamics of Metal-Gas Reactions....Pages 43-76
A Survey of Binary and Ternary Metal Hydride Systems....Pages 77-105
Progress in Metal — Hydride Technology....Pages 107-150
Rechargeable nickel-metalhydride batteries: a successful new concept....Pages 151-195
Introduction to lattice dynamics....Pages 197-223
An Introduction to Neutron Scattering....Pages 225-248
Statics and dynamics of hydrogen in metals....Pages 249-266
Fundamentals of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance....Pages 267-292
Diffusion of hydrogen in metals....Pages 293-316
An Introduction to the Study of Hydrogen Motion in Metals by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance....Pages 317-332
Diffusion of Hydrogen in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Alloys....Pages 333-347
Introduction to Hard Magnetic Materials....Pages 349-369
Production of Nitrides and Carbides by Gas-Phase Interstitial Modification....Pages 371-409
Electronic Structure and Properties of Permanent-Magnet Materials....Pages 411-432
Applications of Neutron Scattering to Interstitial Alloys....Pages 433-461
M?ssbauer Spectroscopic Studies of Interstitial Intermetallic Compounds....Pages 463-496
NMR Studies of Intermetallics and Interstitial Solutions Containing H, C and N....Pages 497-520
Structural Changes of Fe2Ce Alloys by Hydrogen Absorption....Pages 521-539
Magnetic Properties of the Rare-Earth Transition-Metal Compounds and Their Modification by Hydrogenation....Pages 541-559
Interstitial Nitrogen, Carbon, and Hydrogen: Modification of Magnetic and Electronic Properties....Pages 561-598
Spin Reorientation Transitions in Intermetallic Compounds with Interstitial Inclusions....Pages 599-616
Role of Interstitial Alloys in the Permanent Magnet Industry....Pages 617-632
Characterization and Manufacturing of Permanent Magnets....Pages 633-652
Processing and Micromagnetism of Interstitial Permanent Magnets....Pages 653-671
Back Matter....Pages 673-728

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-viii
An Introduction to the Formation of Interstitial Alloys Through Gas-Solid Reactions....Pages 1-6
Fundamental Concepts and Units in Magnetism and Thermodynamics....Pages 7-21
Matter and Magnetism: The Origin of the Problem....Pages 23-41
Thermodynamics of Metal-Gas Reactions....Pages 43-76
A Survey of Binary and Ternary Metal Hydride Systems....Pages 77-105
Progress in Metal — Hydride Technology....Pages 107-150
Rechargeable nickel-metalhydride batteries: a successful new concept....Pages 151-195
Introduction to lattice dynamics....Pages 197-223
An Introduction to Neutron Scattering....Pages 225-248
Statics and dynamics of hydrogen in metals....Pages 249-266
Fundamentals of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance....Pages 267-292
Diffusion of hydrogen in metals....Pages 293-316
An Introduction to the Study of Hydrogen Motion in Metals by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance....Pages 317-332
Diffusion of Hydrogen in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Alloys....Pages 333-347
Introduction to Hard Magnetic Materials....Pages 349-369
Production of Nitrides and Carbides by Gas-Phase Interstitial Modification....Pages 371-409
Electronic Structure and Properties of Permanent-Magnet Materials....Pages 411-432
Applications of Neutron Scattering to Interstitial Alloys....Pages 433-461
M?ssbauer Spectroscopic Studies of Interstitial Intermetallic Compounds....Pages 463-496
NMR Studies of Intermetallics and Interstitial Solutions Containing H, C and N....Pages 497-520
Structural Changes of Fe2Ce Alloys by Hydrogen Absorption....Pages 521-539
Magnetic Properties of the Rare-Earth Transition-Metal Compounds and Their Modification by Hydrogenation....Pages 541-559
Interstitial Nitrogen, Carbon, and Hydrogen: Modification of Magnetic and Electronic Properties....Pages 561-598
Spin Reorientation Transitions in Intermetallic Compounds with Interstitial Inclusions....Pages 599-616
Role of Interstitial Alloys in the Permanent Magnet Industry....Pages 617-632
Characterization and Manufacturing of Permanent Magnets....Pages 633-652
Processing and Micromagnetism of Interstitial Permanent Magnets....Pages 653-671
Back Matter....Pages 673-728
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