Ebook: Applications of Cryogenic Technology

Applications of Cryogenic Technology, Vol. 10, is the proceedings from the portion of the conference CRYO-90 sponsored by the Cryogenic Society of America (CSA). CRYO-90, held on the campus of the State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, was an unusual interdisciplinary event, drawing from the life sciences as well as the physical science and engineering areas of the low temperature community. Co-sponsoring CRYO-90 with CSA were the Society for Cryobiology and the Symposium on Invertebrate and Plant Cold Hardiness. These latter two organizations brought an exciting developing field to the conference, a field whose exploration will lead to the betterment of all mankind through improved cryosurgical and organ preservation techniques in addition to improved agricultural and herd yields under extreme conditions. Specific goals of the cryobiological community are cryopreservation, the arrest and recovery of living processes of cells, tissues and organs; and cryosurgery - the local cryodestruction of diseased cells while preserving the healthy surrounding tissue. These goals present great technological challenges. The technological requirements of the cryobiologist include the ability to cool tissues 6 at rates of 10 degrees per second (vitrification), to thaw frozen tissue without damaging the delicate cells, to freeze dry tissue using molecular distillation (vacuum) drying, to supercool cell structures below O°C without freezing, and to successfully store the preserved tissues and organs for any required length of time.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xi
Progress in Cryocoolers....Pages 1-14
Linear Drive Stirling Cooler Technology....Pages 15-18
Cooling of GeZn Detectors by Commercially Available Closed-Cycle Cryogenic Refrigerators....Pages 19-26
Magnetic Refrigeration: A Large Cooling Power Cryogenic Refrigeration Technology....Pages 27-41
1 KW Capacity Refrigeration System at 80 K ( LINIT-R1 )....Pages 43-53
Cryogenic Thermometry — an Overview....Pages 55-69
Monitoring Rapidly Changing Temperatures of the Oscillating Working Fluid in a Regenerative Refrigerator....Pages 71-83
Performance Characteristics of Silicon Diode Cryogenic Temperature Sensors....Pages 85-107
Thermally-Coupled Cryogenic Pressure Sensing....Pages 109-116
Cryogenic Cooling of Biological Samples for Electron and Optical Microscopy....Pages 117-128
Technology Commercialization: Opportunities and Challenges....Pages 129-137
Cryogenic Heat Transfer a Survey of Recent Developments....Pages 139-161
The Universe of Cryogenic Storage from Helium II to CO2....Pages 163-172
Cryogenic Liquid Cylinder Development....Pages 173-183
Composites for Cryogenics....Pages 185-195
Development of 3-D Composites....Pages 197-205
Cryobiology — Two Sides of the Same Coin?....Pages 207-213
Vitrification Capability of Metal Mirror Ultra-Rapid Cooling Apparatus: A Theoretical Evaluation....Pages 215-225
Microfractures in Cryopreserved Heart Valves: Valve Submersion in Liquid Nitrogen Revisited....Pages 227-233
An Estimation of Thermal Stress Induced by the Freezing Process for Biological Cell Preservation....Pages 235-243
Role of Membrane Phospholipids in Nonfreezing Cold Injury....Pages 245-257
Some Cryosurgery-Related Heat Transfer Problems....Pages 259-269
Cryobench — Apparatus for Testing CEBAF Cryogenic Subcomponents....Pages 271-285
CEBAF Cryounit Loss of Vacuum Experiment....Pages 287-303
Novel Approaches for Attaining High Accelerating Fields in Superconducting Cavities....Pages 305-319
Back Matter....Pages 321-332

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xi
Progress in Cryocoolers....Pages 1-14
Linear Drive Stirling Cooler Technology....Pages 15-18
Cooling of GeZn Detectors by Commercially Available Closed-Cycle Cryogenic Refrigerators....Pages 19-26
Magnetic Refrigeration: A Large Cooling Power Cryogenic Refrigeration Technology....Pages 27-41
1 KW Capacity Refrigeration System at 80 K ( LINIT-R1 )....Pages 43-53
Cryogenic Thermometry — an Overview....Pages 55-69
Monitoring Rapidly Changing Temperatures of the Oscillating Working Fluid in a Regenerative Refrigerator....Pages 71-83
Performance Characteristics of Silicon Diode Cryogenic Temperature Sensors....Pages 85-107
Thermally-Coupled Cryogenic Pressure Sensing....Pages 109-116
Cryogenic Cooling of Biological Samples for Electron and Optical Microscopy....Pages 117-128
Technology Commercialization: Opportunities and Challenges....Pages 129-137
Cryogenic Heat Transfer a Survey of Recent Developments....Pages 139-161
The Universe of Cryogenic Storage from Helium II to CO2....Pages 163-172
Cryogenic Liquid Cylinder Development....Pages 173-183
Composites for Cryogenics....Pages 185-195
Development of 3-D Composites....Pages 197-205
Cryobiology — Two Sides of the Same Coin?....Pages 207-213
Vitrification Capability of Metal Mirror Ultra-Rapid Cooling Apparatus: A Theoretical Evaluation....Pages 215-225
Microfractures in Cryopreserved Heart Valves: Valve Submersion in Liquid Nitrogen Revisited....Pages 227-233
An Estimation of Thermal Stress Induced by the Freezing Process for Biological Cell Preservation....Pages 235-243
Role of Membrane Phospholipids in Nonfreezing Cold Injury....Pages 245-257
Some Cryosurgery-Related Heat Transfer Problems....Pages 259-269
Cryobench — Apparatus for Testing CEBAF Cryogenic Subcomponents....Pages 271-285
CEBAF Cryounit Loss of Vacuum Experiment....Pages 287-303
Novel Approaches for Attaining High Accelerating Fields in Superconducting Cavities....Pages 305-319
Back Matter....Pages 321-332
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