Ebook: Thermochemistry of Alloys: Recent Developments of Experimental Methods

The thermochemistry of alloys has interested generations of scientists and the subject was treated in classical textbooks long ago, e.g. by Hume-Rothery, by Wagner, and by Kubaschewski and Alcock. Nevertheless, the appearance of new materials and the desire to improve traditional materials and metallurgical processes has kept up demand for more information on the thermodynamics of these systems. The advent of computing power has created new opportunities to tie various aspects and properties together, such as phase diagrams and thermodynamic functions, that are in principle thermodynamically inter­ related but were too cumbersome to work out before. The computer has also been a powerful tool in buUding and testing models that help to explain the underlying causes of non-ideal behavior. At the same time, these calculations have pinpointed areas, where additional and more accurate data are needed. In the laboratory, new methods, improved materials, and sophistica­ ted instrumentation have gradually changed the way in which experiments are done. Within the time span of perhaps thirty years, the development went from jotting down individual readings of data points to strip chart recording to automatic digital data acquisition. Scholars and students active in the field of "Thermochemistry of Alloys" convened for a NATO Advanced Study Institute at Kiel in August 1987 to discuss these developments. This book collects most of the lectures and seminar papers given at the Institute.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-x
Modelling and Theories of Alloy Phase Behavior....Pages 1-28
The “Macroscopic Atom” Model: An Easy Tool to Predict Thermodynamic Quantities....Pages 29-54
An Electronic Theory of Binary Transition Metal BCC Phases....Pages 55-66
Thermodynamic Datasets for Systems with Solution Phases....Pages 67-84
Magnetic-Induced Tricritical Point in Alloys and the Low-Temperature Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-Cr Phase Diagrams....Pages 85-106
Application of Ternary Phase Diagrams to GaAs-Metal Contacts....Pages 107-117
Estimated and Measured Excess Functions and Phase Diagram of Ternary Alloys.....Pages 119-143
Calorimetric Methods in Metallurgy....Pages 145-168
Results of Enthalpy Measurements on Refractory Metals by Levitation Calorimetry....Pages 169-176
Study of the Hg-In Liquid Alloy by Using the Piezothermal Method (1 bar < P < 3 kbar)....Pages 177-188
Experimental Determination of the Enthalpies of Formation of Binary Transition — Rare Earth Metal Alloys....Pages 189-202
Calorimetric Studies of Guinier-Preston Zones in Aluminium-Base Alloys....Pages 203-212
Thermodynamic Properties of the CuS — Cu2S System....Pages 213-220
Mass-Spectrometric Determination of Thermodynamic Mixing Effects of Alloys....Pages 221-246
Modern Vapor Pressure Measurements Based on the Knudsen-Effusion....Pages 247-260
Thermodynamic Activity from Knudsen Measurements in ?-Ag-As and ?-Ag-Bi Alloys....Pages 261-275
Torsion Effusion Measurements on Fe-Mn, Co-Mn and Fe-Co-Mn Alloys....Pages 277-292
The Isopiestic Method and Its Application to a Thermodynamic Study of the Au-Zn System....Pages 293-306
Some Methods of Determining the Thermodynamic Properties of Alloys....Pages 307-328
Solid State Galvanic Cells for Thermodynamic Investigations....Pages 329-358
Thermodynamic Properties of Solid Copper-Aluminium and Copper-Germanium Alloys....Pages 359-370
CaF2 Solid Electrolytes Used to Study Thermodynamics of Alloys....Pages 371-398
Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid As — Cd — Zn Alloys....Pages 399-408
EMF Measurements of Hydrogen Activity in Metals....Pages 409-418
Thermodynamic Behaviour of Oxygen in Molten Metallic Alloys....Pages 419-428
Thermodynamics of Liquid Alloys....Pages 429-450
Metallic Glasses....Pages 451-469
Aspects of High Temperature Corrosion of Metals by Gases....Pages 471-480
The Hot Corrosion of Metals by Fused Salts....Pages 481-494
Mixed Oxidation of Materials in High Temperature Environments Containing Chlorine....Pages 495-512
Thermodynamics of Carbide-Fluoride Systems in Pack Cementation Deposition....Pages 513-526
Corrosion and Hydrogen Permeation Studies in Metal Alloy Films....Pages 527-546
The Simultaneous Chromizing-Aluminizing Coating of Austenitic Stainless Steels....Pages 547-558
Back Matter....Pages 559-574

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-x
Modelling and Theories of Alloy Phase Behavior....Pages 1-28
The “Macroscopic Atom” Model: An Easy Tool to Predict Thermodynamic Quantities....Pages 29-54
An Electronic Theory of Binary Transition Metal BCC Phases....Pages 55-66
Thermodynamic Datasets for Systems with Solution Phases....Pages 67-84
Magnetic-Induced Tricritical Point in Alloys and the Low-Temperature Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-Cr Phase Diagrams....Pages 85-106
Application of Ternary Phase Diagrams to GaAs-Metal Contacts....Pages 107-117
Estimated and Measured Excess Functions and Phase Diagram of Ternary Alloys.....Pages 119-143
Calorimetric Methods in Metallurgy....Pages 145-168
Results of Enthalpy Measurements on Refractory Metals by Levitation Calorimetry....Pages 169-176
Study of the Hg-In Liquid Alloy by Using the Piezothermal Method (1 bar < P < 3 kbar)....Pages 177-188
Experimental Determination of the Enthalpies of Formation of Binary Transition — Rare Earth Metal Alloys....Pages 189-202
Calorimetric Studies of Guinier-Preston Zones in Aluminium-Base Alloys....Pages 203-212
Thermodynamic Properties of the CuS — Cu2S System....Pages 213-220
Mass-Spectrometric Determination of Thermodynamic Mixing Effects of Alloys....Pages 221-246
Modern Vapor Pressure Measurements Based on the Knudsen-Effusion....Pages 247-260
Thermodynamic Activity from Knudsen Measurements in ?-Ag-As and ?-Ag-Bi Alloys....Pages 261-275
Torsion Effusion Measurements on Fe-Mn, Co-Mn and Fe-Co-Mn Alloys....Pages 277-292
The Isopiestic Method and Its Application to a Thermodynamic Study of the Au-Zn System....Pages 293-306
Some Methods of Determining the Thermodynamic Properties of Alloys....Pages 307-328
Solid State Galvanic Cells for Thermodynamic Investigations....Pages 329-358
Thermodynamic Properties of Solid Copper-Aluminium and Copper-Germanium Alloys....Pages 359-370
CaF2 Solid Electrolytes Used to Study Thermodynamics of Alloys....Pages 371-398
Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid As — Cd — Zn Alloys....Pages 399-408
EMF Measurements of Hydrogen Activity in Metals....Pages 409-418
Thermodynamic Behaviour of Oxygen in Molten Metallic Alloys....Pages 419-428
Thermodynamics of Liquid Alloys....Pages 429-450
Metallic Glasses....Pages 451-469
Aspects of High Temperature Corrosion of Metals by Gases....Pages 471-480
The Hot Corrosion of Metals by Fused Salts....Pages 481-494
Mixed Oxidation of Materials in High Temperature Environments Containing Chlorine....Pages 495-512
Thermodynamics of Carbide-Fluoride Systems in Pack Cementation Deposition....Pages 513-526
Corrosion and Hydrogen Permeation Studies in Metal Alloy Films....Pages 527-546
The Simultaneous Chromizing-Aluminizing Coating of Austenitic Stainless Steels....Pages 547-558
Back Matter....Pages 559-574
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