Ebook: Surface Engineering: Surface Modification of Materials

Over the last few years there has been increasing need for systematic and straregically designed experiments of surface morphology evolution resulting form ion bombardment induced sputtering. Although there is an impressive number of investi­ gations {1} concerned with semiconductor materials as a result of immediate applications, the most systematic investigations have been conducted with fcc metals with particular interest on single crystal Cu {2,3}. Evidence now exists that within certain para­ meters (i. e ion species (Ar+), ion energy (20-44 KeV), substrate 2 temperature (80-550° K), dose rate (100-500 gA cm- ) , residual x 5 9 pressure (5 10- to 5x10- mm Hg) and polar and azimuthal angle of ion incidence {4} reproducible surface morphology (etch pits and pyramids) is achieved on the (11 3 1) specific crystallographic orientation. The temporal development of individual surface features was alsoobserved in this laterstudy {4}, by employing an in situ ion source in the scanning electron microscope at Salford, a technique also empolyed in studies of the influence of polar angle of ion incidence {5} and surface contaminants {6} on the topographyof Ar+ bombarded Si. Studies have also been made on the variation of incident ion species with the (11 3 1) Cu surface and it was fully recognized {7} that residual surface contaminants when present could playa major role in dictating the morhological evolution.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XI
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Physics of Ion Implantation (Ion Cascade Processes and Physical State of the Implanted Solid)....Pages 3-31
Recoil Implantation and Ion Mixing....Pages 32-47
On the Use of Reactive Ion-Beam Mixing for Surface Modifications....Pages 48-60
Surface Topographical Changes on (11 3 1) Copper Surfaces Bombarded with 40 keV N+, Ne+, Ar+, Cu+, Kr+ and Xe+ Ions....Pages 61-73
Lattice Location Studies on Hafnium, Thallium and Lead Implanted Magnesium Single Crystals....Pages 74-82
Ion Mixing in the Ag-Ni and Fe-Sn Systems....Pages 84-95
Ion Implantation and Optical Properties....Pages 96-104
Optical Waveguide Formation in Quartz by Ion Implantation....Pages 105-110
Optical Properties of Ion Implanted Indium Tin Oxide Glasses....Pages 111-124
Ion Implantation and Related Treatments Applied in Tribology....Pages 125-147
Nitrogen Implantation into Steels: Influence of Fluence and Temperature after Implantation....Pages 148-157
Parameter Induced Changes in the Wear Behavior of Ion Implanted Steel under Heavy Loading....Pages 158-169
Hardness and Wear Correlations in Nitrogen-Implanted Metals....Pages 170-184
Wear Resistant Performance of Ion Implanted Alloy Steels....Pages 185-196
Effects of Ion Implantation on the Tribological Behavior of a Cobalt Based Alloy....Pages 197-207
The Effect of Ion Implantation on Adhesive Bonding to, and Wear of, Copper and Copper-Base Alloys....Pages 209-227
Structure Property Relationships in Ion Implanted Ceramics....Pages 228-242
A Prototype Ion Implanter for Industrial Tool and Die Processing....Pages 243-253
High Dose Rate Ion Implantation Processes and System Characterizations (Semiconductor Technology Applications)....Pages 254-268
The Implications of Surface Technology in the Sawing of Wood....Pages 269-281
Front Matter....Pages 283-283
Understanding the Technology and Industrial Acceptance of Laser Surface Modifications....Pages 285-299
Laser Processing of Metals and Coatings for Enhanced Surface Properties....Pages 300-317
Surface Processing by a Pulsed Laser....Pages 318-329
Mixing of Pb and Ni under Ion Bombardment and Pulsed Laser Irradiation....Pages 330-341
Front Matter....Pages 343-343
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Pack Cementation Processes....Pages 345-369
Basic Oxidation Principles: Growth of Continuous Scales....Pages 370-389
Protective Coatings for Materials in High Temperature Technology — European R & D Needs —....Pages 390-407
Protective Coatings for High Temperature Gas Turbine Alloys A Review of the State of Technology....Pages 408-426
Microstructure, Properties and Mechanism of Formation of Aluminum Diffusion Coatings on Heat-Resistant Stainless Steels....Pages 427-451
Aluminide Coatings on Superalloys....Pages 452-468
Structure of Platinum Modified Aluminide Coatings....Pages 469-481
A Microstructural Study of MCraly Coatings....Pages 482-495
Oxidation Behavior of a NiCrAl Alloy Recoil-Implanted with Yttrium....Pages 496-506
Modification of the Oxidation and Hot Corrosion Behavior of CoCrAl Alloys by Ion Implantation....Pages 507-523
Insulative, Wear and Corrosion Resistant Coatings for Diesel and Gas Turbine Engines....Pages 524-545
Studies on Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings....Pages 546-560
Design of Coatings for High Temperature Corrosion Protection....Pages 561-587
Front Matter....Pages 589-589
Ion Beam Effects in Surface Modification Techniques....Pages 591-602
Ion Plating and the Production of Cu-Cr Alloy Coatings....Pages 603-613
Electrolytic Composite Coatings for Increased Wear Resistance of Metals....Pages 614-627
Front Matter....Pages 589-589
Surface Treatment for Corrosion Protection....Pages 628-655
Surface Modified Electrodes — Reasons and Advantages....Pages 656-664
Surface Damage in Manganese Zinc and Nickel Zinc Ferrites....Pages 665-681
The Effect of Surface Modifications upon the Mechanical Performance of Metals and Alloys....Pages 682-709
Silicon Segregation in Sliding Wear: An ESCA-AES Investigation....Pages 710-720
Diffusion Induced Grain Boundary Migration in Surface Modification Processes....Pages 721-733
Laser-Probe Microanalysis of Near-Surface Layers by Time-of-Flight Mass-Spectrometry....Pages 734-747
Surface Analysis of Physical Vapor Deposited Semiconducting Oxides....Pages 748-758
Back Matter....Pages 759-764

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XI
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Physics of Ion Implantation (Ion Cascade Processes and Physical State of the Implanted Solid)....Pages 3-31
Recoil Implantation and Ion Mixing....Pages 32-47
On the Use of Reactive Ion-Beam Mixing for Surface Modifications....Pages 48-60
Surface Topographical Changes on (11 3 1) Copper Surfaces Bombarded with 40 keV N+, Ne+, Ar+, Cu+, Kr+ and Xe+ Ions....Pages 61-73
Lattice Location Studies on Hafnium, Thallium and Lead Implanted Magnesium Single Crystals....Pages 74-82
Ion Mixing in the Ag-Ni and Fe-Sn Systems....Pages 84-95
Ion Implantation and Optical Properties....Pages 96-104
Optical Waveguide Formation in Quartz by Ion Implantation....Pages 105-110
Optical Properties of Ion Implanted Indium Tin Oxide Glasses....Pages 111-124
Ion Implantation and Related Treatments Applied in Tribology....Pages 125-147
Nitrogen Implantation into Steels: Influence of Fluence and Temperature after Implantation....Pages 148-157
Parameter Induced Changes in the Wear Behavior of Ion Implanted Steel under Heavy Loading....Pages 158-169
Hardness and Wear Correlations in Nitrogen-Implanted Metals....Pages 170-184
Wear Resistant Performance of Ion Implanted Alloy Steels....Pages 185-196
Effects of Ion Implantation on the Tribological Behavior of a Cobalt Based Alloy....Pages 197-207
The Effect of Ion Implantation on Adhesive Bonding to, and Wear of, Copper and Copper-Base Alloys....Pages 209-227
Structure Property Relationships in Ion Implanted Ceramics....Pages 228-242
A Prototype Ion Implanter for Industrial Tool and Die Processing....Pages 243-253
High Dose Rate Ion Implantation Processes and System Characterizations (Semiconductor Technology Applications)....Pages 254-268
The Implications of Surface Technology in the Sawing of Wood....Pages 269-281
Front Matter....Pages 283-283
Understanding the Technology and Industrial Acceptance of Laser Surface Modifications....Pages 285-299
Laser Processing of Metals and Coatings for Enhanced Surface Properties....Pages 300-317
Surface Processing by a Pulsed Laser....Pages 318-329
Mixing of Pb and Ni under Ion Bombardment and Pulsed Laser Irradiation....Pages 330-341
Front Matter....Pages 343-343
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Pack Cementation Processes....Pages 345-369
Basic Oxidation Principles: Growth of Continuous Scales....Pages 370-389
Protective Coatings for Materials in High Temperature Technology — European R & D Needs —....Pages 390-407
Protective Coatings for High Temperature Gas Turbine Alloys A Review of the State of Technology....Pages 408-426
Microstructure, Properties and Mechanism of Formation of Aluminum Diffusion Coatings on Heat-Resistant Stainless Steels....Pages 427-451
Aluminide Coatings on Superalloys....Pages 452-468
Structure of Platinum Modified Aluminide Coatings....Pages 469-481
A Microstructural Study of MCraly Coatings....Pages 482-495
Oxidation Behavior of a NiCrAl Alloy Recoil-Implanted with Yttrium....Pages 496-506
Modification of the Oxidation and Hot Corrosion Behavior of CoCrAl Alloys by Ion Implantation....Pages 507-523
Insulative, Wear and Corrosion Resistant Coatings for Diesel and Gas Turbine Engines....Pages 524-545
Studies on Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings....Pages 546-560
Design of Coatings for High Temperature Corrosion Protection....Pages 561-587
Front Matter....Pages 589-589
Ion Beam Effects in Surface Modification Techniques....Pages 591-602
Ion Plating and the Production of Cu-Cr Alloy Coatings....Pages 603-613
Electrolytic Composite Coatings for Increased Wear Resistance of Metals....Pages 614-627
Front Matter....Pages 589-589
Surface Treatment for Corrosion Protection....Pages 628-655
Surface Modified Electrodes — Reasons and Advantages....Pages 656-664
Surface Damage in Manganese Zinc and Nickel Zinc Ferrites....Pages 665-681
The Effect of Surface Modifications upon the Mechanical Performance of Metals and Alloys....Pages 682-709
Silicon Segregation in Sliding Wear: An ESCA-AES Investigation....Pages 710-720
Diffusion Induced Grain Boundary Migration in Surface Modification Processes....Pages 721-733
Laser-Probe Microanalysis of Near-Surface Layers by Time-of-Flight Mass-Spectrometry....Pages 734-747
Surface Analysis of Physical Vapor Deposited Semiconducting Oxides....Pages 748-758
Back Matter....Pages 759-764
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