Ebook: Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

An international treaty banning the testing of any nuclear device in any environment - a comprehensive test ban treaty (CTBT) - has been on the political agenda for nearly 40 years. Objections to a CTBT have been political, technical, or a combination of both. However, the possibilities seem better after the end of the Cold War. In the prevailing, cooperative disarmament climate a CTBT appears likely to be approved by most countries in 1996. Hence the great current interest in monitoring technologies and capabilities.
Such issues are comprehensively addressed here, a preamble being devoted to the political developments and setbacks over the past 40 years. Since seismic means are considered the dominant monitoring element, they are explored in detail. Contributions cover network deployments, advanced signal processing, wave propagation in heterogeneous media, and seismic source representations, and a variety of techniques for source classification (including neural networks). Complementary monitoring techniques, such as hydroacoustics, radionuclides and infrasound, are also summarised. The IAEA operation for monitoring compliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty is also presented.
The book also includes eyewitness accounts of the Soviet 50 Mt megabomb development and test, as well as the efforts made by the state to monitor the nuclear test programmes of the western powers. Includes some 33 articles written by distinguished scientists active in CTBT monitoring research for decades.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxv
Importance of a CTB for the Durability of the NPT....Pages 1-9
Three Interesting Episodes in the Soviet Nuclear Program....Pages 11-24
Attempts to Ban Nuclear Tests....Pages 25-34
Monitoring of Underground Nuclear Tests by Seismic Stations in the Former Soviet Union (FSU)....Pages 35-52
Seismological Methods for Monitoring a CTBT: The Technical Issues Arising in Early Negotiations....Pages 53-81
Russian Experience in Global Seismic Monitoring....Pages 83-89
Monitoring Compliance under Article III of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons....Pages 91-106
The Department of Energy’s Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Research and Development Program....Pages 107-114
The Russian Federation Proposal on the CTBT Global Monitoring System....Pages 115-122
Signatures of Testing: On-Site Inspection Technologies....Pages 123-134
Atmospheric Methods for Nuclear Test Monitoring....Pages 135-141
Airborne Radionuclides of Concern and Their Measurement in Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty....Pages 143-155
Atmospheric Radionuclide Monitoring: A Swedish Perspective....Pages 157-177
Hydroacoustic Surveillance of the Oceans and its Relevance to Monitoring of Seismic Events....Pages 179-196
Geophysical and Geological Databases and CTBT Monitoring: A Case Study of the Middle East....Pages 197-224
Types of Seismic Events and Their Source Descriptions....Pages 225-245
Dealing with Decoupled Nuclear Explosions under a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty....Pages 247-293
Methods of Evading Detection by a Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Network under Special Conditions....Pages 295-308
Seismic Source Size and Yield for Nuclear Explosions....Pages 309-353
Seismic Results from DOE’s Non-Proliferation Experiment: A Comparison of Chemical and Nuclear Explosions....Pages 355-364
Regional Source Parameters, Seismic Energy, and Discrimination....Pages 365-383
Seismicity Induced by Mining: An Overview....Pages 385-409
Towards a Global Seismic Monitoring System — Lessons Learned from Geneva Experiments....Pages 411-446
Generalized Beamforming, Phase Association and Threshold Monitoring using a Global Seismic Network....Pages 447-466
Broadband and Array Observations at Low Noise Sites in Kazakhstan: Opportunities for Seismic Monitoring of a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty....Pages 467-482
Monitoring Earthquake Activity Offshore Iberia....Pages 483-500
Event Location and Source Characterisation....Pages 501-520
Structure at the Top and Bottom of the Mantle....Pages 521-550
Expanding the Global Seismographic Network....Pages 551-564
Algorithms for Adaptive Statistical Processing of Seismic Array Data....Pages 565-586
Retrieving Signals from Array Data....Pages 587-610
Trinity or Verity ?....Pages 611-628
Array Processing by Phase Regression....Pages 629-644
Attenuation and Blockage of Lg in Eurasia....Pages 645-654
Lg Wave Attenuation and Propagation Characteristics in Iran....Pages 655-662
The Influence of Seismic Scattering on Monitoring....Pages 663-688
Regional Seismic Event Discrimination....Pages 689-719
Resolving Regional Discrimination Problems: Some Case Histories....Pages 721-741
Extracting and Processing Signal Parameters for Regional Seismic Event Identification....Pages 743-754
A Review of Broadband Regional Discrimination Studies of NTS Explosions and Western U.S. Earthquakes....Pages 755-775
Neural Networks in Seismic Discrimination....Pages 777-789
Statistical Approaches to Seismic Discrimination....Pages 791-803
Seismic Source Discrimination at Teleseismic Distances—Can We Do Better?....Pages 805-832
Back Matter....Pages 833-836

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxv
Importance of a CTB for the Durability of the NPT....Pages 1-9
Three Interesting Episodes in the Soviet Nuclear Program....Pages 11-24
Attempts to Ban Nuclear Tests....Pages 25-34
Monitoring of Underground Nuclear Tests by Seismic Stations in the Former Soviet Union (FSU)....Pages 35-52
Seismological Methods for Monitoring a CTBT: The Technical Issues Arising in Early Negotiations....Pages 53-81
Russian Experience in Global Seismic Monitoring....Pages 83-89
Monitoring Compliance under Article III of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons....Pages 91-106
The Department of Energy’s Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Research and Development Program....Pages 107-114
The Russian Federation Proposal on the CTBT Global Monitoring System....Pages 115-122
Signatures of Testing: On-Site Inspection Technologies....Pages 123-134
Atmospheric Methods for Nuclear Test Monitoring....Pages 135-141
Airborne Radionuclides of Concern and Their Measurement in Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty....Pages 143-155
Atmospheric Radionuclide Monitoring: A Swedish Perspective....Pages 157-177
Hydroacoustic Surveillance of the Oceans and its Relevance to Monitoring of Seismic Events....Pages 179-196
Geophysical and Geological Databases and CTBT Monitoring: A Case Study of the Middle East....Pages 197-224
Types of Seismic Events and Their Source Descriptions....Pages 225-245
Dealing with Decoupled Nuclear Explosions under a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty....Pages 247-293
Methods of Evading Detection by a Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Network under Special Conditions....Pages 295-308
Seismic Source Size and Yield for Nuclear Explosions....Pages 309-353
Seismic Results from DOE’s Non-Proliferation Experiment: A Comparison of Chemical and Nuclear Explosions....Pages 355-364
Regional Source Parameters, Seismic Energy, and Discrimination....Pages 365-383
Seismicity Induced by Mining: An Overview....Pages 385-409
Towards a Global Seismic Monitoring System — Lessons Learned from Geneva Experiments....Pages 411-446
Generalized Beamforming, Phase Association and Threshold Monitoring using a Global Seismic Network....Pages 447-466
Broadband and Array Observations at Low Noise Sites in Kazakhstan: Opportunities for Seismic Monitoring of a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty....Pages 467-482
Monitoring Earthquake Activity Offshore Iberia....Pages 483-500
Event Location and Source Characterisation....Pages 501-520
Structure at the Top and Bottom of the Mantle....Pages 521-550
Expanding the Global Seismographic Network....Pages 551-564
Algorithms for Adaptive Statistical Processing of Seismic Array Data....Pages 565-586
Retrieving Signals from Array Data....Pages 587-610
Trinity or Verity ?....Pages 611-628
Array Processing by Phase Regression....Pages 629-644
Attenuation and Blockage of Lg in Eurasia....Pages 645-654
Lg Wave Attenuation and Propagation Characteristics in Iran....Pages 655-662
The Influence of Seismic Scattering on Monitoring....Pages 663-688
Regional Seismic Event Discrimination....Pages 689-719
Resolving Regional Discrimination Problems: Some Case Histories....Pages 721-741
Extracting and Processing Signal Parameters for Regional Seismic Event Identification....Pages 743-754
A Review of Broadband Regional Discrimination Studies of NTS Explosions and Western U.S. Earthquakes....Pages 755-775
Neural Networks in Seismic Discrimination....Pages 777-789
Statistical Approaches to Seismic Discrimination....Pages 791-803
Seismic Source Discrimination at Teleseismic Distances—Can We Do Better?....Pages 805-832
Back Matter....Pages 833-836
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