Ebook: Disordered Systems and Biological Organization

The NATO workshop on Disordered Systems and Biological Organization was attended, in march 1985, by 65 scientists representing a large variety of fields: Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics and Biology. It was the purpose of this interdisciplinary workshop to shed light on the conceptual connections existing between fields of research apparently as different as: automata theory, combinatorial optimization, spin glasses and modeling of biological systems, all of them concerned with the global organization of complex systems, locally interconnected. Common to many contributions to this volume is the underlying analogy between biological systems and spin glasses: they share the same properties of stability and diversity. This is the case for instance of primary sequences of biopo Iymers I ike proteins and nucleic acids considered as the result of mutation-selection processes [P. W. Anderson, 1983] or of evolving biological species [G. Weisbuch, 1984]. Some of the most striking aspects of our cognitive apparatus, involved In learning and recognttlon [J. Hopfield, 19821, can also be described in terms of stability and diversity in a suitable configuration space. These interpretations and preoccupations merge with those of theoretical biologists like S. Kauffman [1969] (genetic networks) and of mathematicians of automata theory: the dynamics of networks of automata can be interpreted in terms of organization of a system in multiple possible attractors. The present introduction outlInes the relationships between the contributions presented at the workshop and brIefly discusses each paper in its particular scientific context.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XXI
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Cellular Automata Models of Disorder And Organization....Pages 3-20
Dynamics and Self-Organization in One-Dimensional Arrays....Pages 21-32
Basic Results for the Behaviour of Discrete Iterations....Pages 33-47
On Some Dynamical Properties of Monotone Networks....Pages 49-52
Inhomogeneous Cellular Automata (INCA)....Pages 53-57
The Ising Model And The Rudin-Shapiro Sequence....Pages 59-62
Dynamical Properties of An Automaton with Memory....Pages 63-66
Dynamics of Random Boolean Networks....Pages 67-70
Random Fields And Spatial Renewal Potentials....Pages 71-84
Lyapunov Functions and Their USE in Automata Networks....Pages 85-100
Positive Automata Networks....Pages 101-112
Directional Entropies of Cellular Automaton-Maps....Pages 113-115
Front Matter....Pages 117-117
On the Statistical Physics of Spin Glasses....Pages 119-132
Symbolic Computation Methods for Some Spin Glasses Problems....Pages 133-148
Order and Defects in Geometrically Frustrated Systems....Pages 149-152
Front Matter....Pages 153-153
Collective Computation With Continuous Variables....Pages 155-170
Collective Properties of Neural Networks....Pages 171-185
Determining The Dynamic Landscape Of Hopfield Networks....Pages 187-191
High Resolution Microfabrication and Neural Networks....Pages 193-196
Ultrametricity, Hopfield Model and all that....Pages 197-204
Front Matter....Pages 153-153
The Emergence of Hierarchical Data Structures in Parallel Computation....Pages 205-208
Cognitive Capabilities of a Parallel System....Pages 209-226
Neural Network Design for Efficient Information Retrieval....Pages 227-231
Learning Process in an Asymmetric Threshold Network....Pages 233-240
Layered Networks for Unsupervised Learning....Pages 241-245
Statistical Coding and Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity: A Scheme for Knowledge Representation in the Brain....Pages 247-272
A Physiological Neural Network as an Autoassociative Memory....Pages 273-279
Front Matter....Pages 281-281
Configuration Space Analysis for Optimization Problems....Pages 283-293
Statistical Mechanics: a General Approach to Combinatorial Optimization....Pages 295-299
Bayesian Image Analysis....Pages 301-319
The Langevin Equation as a Global Minimization Algorithm....Pages 321-326
Spin Glass and Pseudo-Boolean Optimization....Pages 327-331
Local Versus Global Minima, Hysteresis, Multiple Meanings....Pages 333-336
Front Matter....Pages 337-337
Boolean Systems, Adaptive Automata, Evolution....Pages 339-360
Invariant Cycles in the Random Mapping of N Integers Onto Themselves. Comparison with Kauffman Binary Network....Pages 361-365
Fibroblasts, Morphogenesis and Cellular Automata....Pages 367-379
Percolation and Frustration in Neural Networks....Pages 381-384
Self Organizing Mathematical Models: Nonlinear Evolution Equations with a Convolution term....Pages 385-388
Recurrent Collateral Inhibition Simulated in a Simple Neuronal Automata Assembly....Pages 389-397
Cerebellum Models: an Interpretation of Some Features....Pages 399-402
Back Matter....Pages 403-407

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XXI
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Cellular Automata Models of Disorder And Organization....Pages 3-20
Dynamics and Self-Organization in One-Dimensional Arrays....Pages 21-32
Basic Results for the Behaviour of Discrete Iterations....Pages 33-47
On Some Dynamical Properties of Monotone Networks....Pages 49-52
Inhomogeneous Cellular Automata (INCA)....Pages 53-57
The Ising Model And The Rudin-Shapiro Sequence....Pages 59-62
Dynamical Properties of An Automaton with Memory....Pages 63-66
Dynamics of Random Boolean Networks....Pages 67-70
Random Fields And Spatial Renewal Potentials....Pages 71-84
Lyapunov Functions and Their USE in Automata Networks....Pages 85-100
Positive Automata Networks....Pages 101-112
Directional Entropies of Cellular Automaton-Maps....Pages 113-115
Front Matter....Pages 117-117
On the Statistical Physics of Spin Glasses....Pages 119-132
Symbolic Computation Methods for Some Spin Glasses Problems....Pages 133-148
Order and Defects in Geometrically Frustrated Systems....Pages 149-152
Front Matter....Pages 153-153
Collective Computation With Continuous Variables....Pages 155-170
Collective Properties of Neural Networks....Pages 171-185
Determining The Dynamic Landscape Of Hopfield Networks....Pages 187-191
High Resolution Microfabrication and Neural Networks....Pages 193-196
Ultrametricity, Hopfield Model and all that....Pages 197-204
Front Matter....Pages 153-153
The Emergence of Hierarchical Data Structures in Parallel Computation....Pages 205-208
Cognitive Capabilities of a Parallel System....Pages 209-226
Neural Network Design for Efficient Information Retrieval....Pages 227-231
Learning Process in an Asymmetric Threshold Network....Pages 233-240
Layered Networks for Unsupervised Learning....Pages 241-245
Statistical Coding and Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity: A Scheme for Knowledge Representation in the Brain....Pages 247-272
A Physiological Neural Network as an Autoassociative Memory....Pages 273-279
Front Matter....Pages 281-281
Configuration Space Analysis for Optimization Problems....Pages 283-293
Statistical Mechanics: a General Approach to Combinatorial Optimization....Pages 295-299
Bayesian Image Analysis....Pages 301-319
The Langevin Equation as a Global Minimization Algorithm....Pages 321-326
Spin Glass and Pseudo-Boolean Optimization....Pages 327-331
Local Versus Global Minima, Hysteresis, Multiple Meanings....Pages 333-336
Front Matter....Pages 337-337
Boolean Systems, Adaptive Automata, Evolution....Pages 339-360
Invariant Cycles in the Random Mapping of N Integers Onto Themselves. Comparison with Kauffman Binary Network....Pages 361-365
Fibroblasts, Morphogenesis and Cellular Automata....Pages 367-379
Percolation and Frustration in Neural Networks....Pages 381-384
Self Organizing Mathematical Models: Nonlinear Evolution Equations with a Convolution term....Pages 385-388
Recurrent Collateral Inhibition Simulated in a Simple Neuronal Automata Assembly....Pages 389-397
Cerebellum Models: an Interpretation of Some Features....Pages 399-402
Back Matter....Pages 403-407
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