Ebook: Trends in Optical Fibre Metrology and Standards

Fibre Optics has gained prominence in: telecommunications, data transmission and distribution, cable television networks, sensing and control, light probing and instrumentation. The 1990's shows an increased expansion of optical fibre networks which respond to the rapid growth on a world scale of long distance trunk lines combined with a family of emerging optical based services in which fibre-to-the-home will have the greatest impact. There is already evidence that optical communications are moving toward higher bit-rates, wavelength transparency and irrelevance of signal formats. The rate of change in fibre optics and the emergence of new services will be a mere consequence of economics. The actual increasing of cost and the demand for high-date-rates or large bandwidth per transmission channels, and the lack of available space in the congested conduits in urban areas, strongly favour the technological change to fibre optics. The recognised advantages of fibre optic technologies and the unchallenged potential to respond to future needs requires the inclusion of fibre optics networking into new installations. Concomitantly, current progress in the field of optical fibres (optical fibre amplifiers, optical fibre switching, WDM, fibre gratings, etc.) unfold major technical advances and greater flexibility in the designs and engineering of networks, optical fibre components and instrumentation. The explosion of growth in fibre sensors, fibre probes and the myriad of fibre based components shows that we are only using a fraction of optical fibre potential.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxxi
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
A Historical Survey of Optical Signals and Optical Fibers....Pages 3-18
Trends in Optical Fibre Metrology and Standards....Pages 19-43
Front Matter....Pages 45-45
Polarized Light Evolution in Optical Fibres....Pages 47-68
Nonlinear Optical Fibres....Pages 69-102
Exotic Fibres....Pages 103-112
Fibers and Fiber Lasers for the Mid-Infrared....Pages 113-130
Optical Fibres in Nuclear Radiation Environments....Pages 131-156
Front Matter....Pages 157-157
Connectors and Splices....Pages 159-173
Optical Attenuators and Couplers Characterization....Pages 175-192
Wavelength Division Multiplexers and the Measurement of the Channel Wavelengths....Pages 193-208
Active Fibre Characterisation with Passive Measurements....Pages 209-213
Front Matter....Pages 215-215
Wavelength Tunable Laser Diodes and Their Applications....Pages 217-240
Active Components Characterization....Pages 241-260
Front Matter....Pages 261-261
Optical Amplifiers....Pages 263-304
Analysis of Erbium-Doped Silica-Fibre Characterisation Techniques....Pages 305-326
Optical Fibre Amplifiers Standardisation....Pages 327-342
Optical Amplification Modelling for Er-Doped Fibre....Pages 343-349
Front Matter....Pages 351-351
Fibre Characterization and Measurements....Pages 353-397
Mechanical and Environmental Testing....Pages 399-413
Fibre Ribbon Measurements....Pages 415-427
Front Matter....Pages 351-351
Calibration Artefacts, Traceability and Accuracy....Pages 429-438
Front Matter....Pages 439-439
Photodetector Calibration....Pages 441-451
Power Meter Calibration....Pages 453-467
OTDR Calibration....Pages 469-488
Optical Spectrum Analyzer Calibration....Pages 489-509
EDFA Testing....Pages 511-525
Real-Time Heterodyne Fibre Polarimetry by Means of Jones and Stokes Vector Detection....Pages 527-539
Application of Er-Doped Fiber Amplifiers to Optical Measurement Techniques....Pages 541-564
Front Matter....Pages 565-565
Optical Fiber Communication Technology and System Overview....Pages 567-591
Modern Optical Communication Systems....Pages 593-616
An Optical Coherent Transmission System Based on Polarization Modulation and Heterodyne Detection at 155 Mbit/s Bitrate and 1.55 ?.m Wavelength....Pages 617-626
Front Matter....Pages 627-627
Fiber Sensor Review....Pages 629-646
Fibre Optic Sensors: Potential, applications and state of the art of the technology....Pages 647-689
Fiber Optic Sensors for Environmental Monitoring....Pages 691-708
Front Matter....Pages 709-709
Nonlinear Optics: Theory and Applications....Pages 711-725
Advanced Optical Fibre Optoelectronics....Pages 727-746
Plastic Optical Fibres (POF)....Pages 747-770
Front Matter....Pages 771-771
Refractive Index Profile of Planar Microlenses....Pages 773-780
Fibre Interferometer for Phase and Polarisation Measurement of Passive Fibre Elements....Pages 781-789
FMCW-Lidar with Tunable Twin-Guide Laser Diode....Pages 791-802
Front Matter....Pages 771-771
Fibre-Optic White-Light Interferometer Insensitive to Polarization Fading....Pages 803-807
QND Measurement of the Photon Number Using Kerr Effect in Optical Fibres....Pages 809-812
Laser Transitions Characterization by Spectral and Thermal Dependences of the Transient Oscillations in the Fiber Lasers....Pages 813-824
Nonlinear M-Lines Spectroscopy of DMOP-PPV Polymer Planar Optical Waveguides: Quasi-Permanent and Fast Electronic Refractive Index Changes....Pages 825-826
Plastic Optical Fibre (POF) Displacement Sensor....Pages 827-828
A New Reflective Plastic Optical Fibre Displacement Transducer....Pages 829-830
White Light Interferometer Using Linear Ccd Array with Signal Processing....Pages 831-832
Radiation-to-Guided Field Coupling in Ti:LiNbO3 Intensity Modulators....Pages 833-833
White Light Fiber Optic Interferometry-A Technique for Monitoring Tissue Properties....Pages 833-833
Holographic Interferometry of Immersed Systems in Electrochemistry....Pages 834-834
Pressure Effects of Optical Frequency in External Cavity Diode Lasers....Pages 834-834
Methods of Measurement for Angle-Polished Optical Fiber Launching Efficients....Pages 835-835
The Application of a Fiber Optic Gyroscope for Studies of Extinction Ratio of Fiber Optic Polarizer....Pages 835-835
Blocks and Architecture for a Multichannel Fibre Optic Correlator....Pages 836-836
Calibration of Fibre Optical Measurement Equipment at SP....Pages 836-836
Fibre Application in Absolute Ranging Interferometry with Computer Generated Holograms (CGH)....Pages 837-837
Monitoring Through-The-Thickness Behaviour of Composites Using Fiber Optic Sensors....Pages 837-837
Fibre-Optic Fabry-Perot Sensor for Vibration and Profile Measurements....Pages 838-838
Application of Otdr in the Mining Industry....Pages 838-838
Parametric Amplification by Four-Wave Mixing for Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors....Pages 839-839
Front Matter....Pages 771-771
Intracavity Laser Diode Pumped and Modulated Er3 + Doped Fiber Lasers....Pages 839-840
Mode-Locking of a 2.7 ?m Erbium-Doped Fluoride Fiber Laser....Pages 840-842
Back Matter....Pages 843-850

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxxi
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
A Historical Survey of Optical Signals and Optical Fibers....Pages 3-18
Trends in Optical Fibre Metrology and Standards....Pages 19-43
Front Matter....Pages 45-45
Polarized Light Evolution in Optical Fibres....Pages 47-68
Nonlinear Optical Fibres....Pages 69-102
Exotic Fibres....Pages 103-112
Fibers and Fiber Lasers for the Mid-Infrared....Pages 113-130
Optical Fibres in Nuclear Radiation Environments....Pages 131-156
Front Matter....Pages 157-157
Connectors and Splices....Pages 159-173
Optical Attenuators and Couplers Characterization....Pages 175-192
Wavelength Division Multiplexers and the Measurement of the Channel Wavelengths....Pages 193-208
Active Fibre Characterisation with Passive Measurements....Pages 209-213
Front Matter....Pages 215-215
Wavelength Tunable Laser Diodes and Their Applications....Pages 217-240
Active Components Characterization....Pages 241-260
Front Matter....Pages 261-261
Optical Amplifiers....Pages 263-304
Analysis of Erbium-Doped Silica-Fibre Characterisation Techniques....Pages 305-326
Optical Fibre Amplifiers Standardisation....Pages 327-342
Optical Amplification Modelling for Er-Doped Fibre....Pages 343-349
Front Matter....Pages 351-351
Fibre Characterization and Measurements....Pages 353-397
Mechanical and Environmental Testing....Pages 399-413
Fibre Ribbon Measurements....Pages 415-427
Front Matter....Pages 351-351
Calibration Artefacts, Traceability and Accuracy....Pages 429-438
Front Matter....Pages 439-439
Photodetector Calibration....Pages 441-451
Power Meter Calibration....Pages 453-467
OTDR Calibration....Pages 469-488
Optical Spectrum Analyzer Calibration....Pages 489-509
EDFA Testing....Pages 511-525
Real-Time Heterodyne Fibre Polarimetry by Means of Jones and Stokes Vector Detection....Pages 527-539
Application of Er-Doped Fiber Amplifiers to Optical Measurement Techniques....Pages 541-564
Front Matter....Pages 565-565
Optical Fiber Communication Technology and System Overview....Pages 567-591
Modern Optical Communication Systems....Pages 593-616
An Optical Coherent Transmission System Based on Polarization Modulation and Heterodyne Detection at 155 Mbit/s Bitrate and 1.55 ?.m Wavelength....Pages 617-626
Front Matter....Pages 627-627
Fiber Sensor Review....Pages 629-646
Fibre Optic Sensors: Potential, applications and state of the art of the technology....Pages 647-689
Fiber Optic Sensors for Environmental Monitoring....Pages 691-708
Front Matter....Pages 709-709
Nonlinear Optics: Theory and Applications....Pages 711-725
Advanced Optical Fibre Optoelectronics....Pages 727-746
Plastic Optical Fibres (POF)....Pages 747-770
Front Matter....Pages 771-771
Refractive Index Profile of Planar Microlenses....Pages 773-780
Fibre Interferometer for Phase and Polarisation Measurement of Passive Fibre Elements....Pages 781-789
FMCW-Lidar with Tunable Twin-Guide Laser Diode....Pages 791-802
Front Matter....Pages 771-771
Fibre-Optic White-Light Interferometer Insensitive to Polarization Fading....Pages 803-807
QND Measurement of the Photon Number Using Kerr Effect in Optical Fibres....Pages 809-812
Laser Transitions Characterization by Spectral and Thermal Dependences of the Transient Oscillations in the Fiber Lasers....Pages 813-824
Nonlinear M-Lines Spectroscopy of DMOP-PPV Polymer Planar Optical Waveguides: Quasi-Permanent and Fast Electronic Refractive Index Changes....Pages 825-826
Plastic Optical Fibre (POF) Displacement Sensor....Pages 827-828
A New Reflective Plastic Optical Fibre Displacement Transducer....Pages 829-830
White Light Interferometer Using Linear Ccd Array with Signal Processing....Pages 831-832
Radiation-to-Guided Field Coupling in Ti:LiNbO3 Intensity Modulators....Pages 833-833
White Light Fiber Optic Interferometry-A Technique for Monitoring Tissue Properties....Pages 833-833
Holographic Interferometry of Immersed Systems in Electrochemistry....Pages 834-834
Pressure Effects of Optical Frequency in External Cavity Diode Lasers....Pages 834-834
Methods of Measurement for Angle-Polished Optical Fiber Launching Efficients....Pages 835-835
The Application of a Fiber Optic Gyroscope for Studies of Extinction Ratio of Fiber Optic Polarizer....Pages 835-835
Blocks and Architecture for a Multichannel Fibre Optic Correlator....Pages 836-836
Calibration of Fibre Optical Measurement Equipment at SP....Pages 836-836
Fibre Application in Absolute Ranging Interferometry with Computer Generated Holograms (CGH)....Pages 837-837
Monitoring Through-The-Thickness Behaviour of Composites Using Fiber Optic Sensors....Pages 837-837
Fibre-Optic Fabry-Perot Sensor for Vibration and Profile Measurements....Pages 838-838
Application of Otdr in the Mining Industry....Pages 838-838
Parametric Amplification by Four-Wave Mixing for Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors....Pages 839-839
Front Matter....Pages 771-771
Intracavity Laser Diode Pumped and Modulated Er3 + Doped Fiber Lasers....Pages 839-840
Mode-Locking of a 2.7 ?m Erbium-Doped Fluoride Fiber Laser....Pages 840-842
Back Matter....Pages 843-850
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