Ebook: Automation and Systems Issues in Air Traffic Control
- Tags: Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems, Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics), Automotive Engineering, Business Information Systems, Operations Research/Decision Theory, Control Robotics Mechatronics
- Series: NATO ASI Series 73
- Year: 1991
- Publisher: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
- Edition: 1
- Language: English
- pdf
In recent years, increases in the amount and changes in the distribution of air traffic have been very dramatic and are continuing. The need for changes in the current air traffic systems is equally clear. While automation is generally accepted as a method of improving system safety and performance, high levels of automation in complex human-machine systems can have a negative effect on total system performance and have been identified as contributing factors in many accidents and failures. Those responsible for designing the advanced air traffic control systems to be implemented throughout the alliance during the next decade need to be aware of recent progress concerning the most effective application of automation and artificial intelligence in human-computer systems. This volume gives the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Maratea, Italy, June 18-29, 1990, at which these issues were discussed.
In recent years, increases in the amount and changes in the distribution of air traffic have been very dramatic and are continuing. The need for changes in the current air traffic systems is equally clear. While automation is generally accepted as a method of improving system safety and performance, high levels of automation in complex human-machine systems can have a negative effect on total system performance and have been identified as contributing factors in many accidents and failures. Those responsible for designing the advanced air traffic control systems to be implemented throughout the alliance during the next decade need to be aware of recent progress concerning the most effective application of automation and artificial intelligence in human-computer systems. This volume gives the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Maratea, Italy, June 18-29, 1990, at which these issues were discussed.
In recent years, increases in the amount and changes in the distribution of air traffic have been very dramatic and are continuing. The need for changes in the current air traffic systems is equally clear. While automation is generally accepted as a method of improving system safety and performance, high levels of automation in complex human-machine systems can have a negative effect on total system performance and have been identified as contributing factors in many accidents and failures. Those responsible for designing the advanced air traffic control systems to be implemented throughout the alliance during the next decade need to be aware of recent progress concerning the most effective application of automation and artificial intelligence in human-computer systems. This volume gives the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Maratea, Italy, June 18-29, 1990, at which these issues were discussed.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XIX
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The Impact of Automation on Air Traffic Control Systems....Pages 3-19
Assumptions and Automation in Air Traffic Systems....Pages 21-27
Front Matter....Pages 29-29
Computerization and Automation: Upgrading the American Air Traffic Control System....Pages 31-38
The Canadian Automated Air Traffic System (CAATS): An Overview....Pages 39-45
The Implementation and Impact of Automatic Data Processing on UK Military ATC Operations....Pages 47-53
From Under the Headset: The Role of the Air Traffic Controllers’ Professional Association in Present and Future Air Traffic Control Systems Development....Pages 55-59
Front Matter....Pages 61-61
Air Traffic Control and Systems Issues....Pages 63-78
ICAO and Future Air Navigation Systems....Pages 79-99
Social, Political, and Regulatory Issues Concerning Harmonization of Interacting Air Traffic Control Systems in Western Europe....Pages 101-106
Aircraft Traffic Forecast and Communications Requirements in the Year 2000....Pages 107-120
Automation in Environmental Engineering....Pages 121-125
The Role of Automation and Control Systems in Water Resources Engineering....Pages 127-134
Front Matter....Pages 135-135
Intelligent Dialogue in Air Traffic Control Systems....Pages 137-151
Close Ground/Air Cooperation in Dynamic Air Traffic Management....Pages 153-159
Multi-layer Queuing Model to Check Automated Air Traffic Control Systems....Pages 161-167
Application of Planning Aids for Air Traffic Control: Design Principles, Solutions, Results....Pages 169-172
Artificial Intelligence and Human Factors in ATC: Current Activity at Eurocontrol Experimental Centre....Pages 173-179
Meeting the ATC Challenge through Simulation....Pages 181-184
Front Matter....Pages 185-185
The Aims of Human Factors and Their Application to Issues in Automation and Air Traffic Control....Pages 187-199
Human Factors in System Design....Pages 201-208
Front Matter....Pages 185-185
Automated Systems: The Human Factor....Pages 209-215
Modelling Control Tasks in Complex Systems....Pages 217-234
Mental Models in Air Traffic Control....Pages 235-242
The Controller in Human Engineering....Pages 243-248
Acceptance of New Systems by Air Traffic Controllers....Pages 249-252
Front Matter....Pages 253-253
Stress and Workload Management in Air Traffic Control....Pages 255-266
Shiftwork and Circadian Variations of Vigilance and Performance....Pages 267-280
Operator Workload as a Limiting Factor in Complex Systems....Pages 281-292
Attention, Workload, and Automation....Pages 293-297
Front Matter....Pages 299-299
ICAO and Civil/Military Coordination....Pages 301-319
Error Models for Operating Irregularities: Implications for Automation....Pages 321-338
Cognitive Failures in Military Air Traffic Control....Pages 339-348
Human Factors in ATC Communication....Pages 349-351
Results of a Perceptual Study on Human Error in Computer Systems Based on Bailey’s Research....Pages 353-364
Front Matter....Pages 365-365
Automation, Information and Consciousness in Air Traffic Control....Pages 367-380
Issues in Cultural Ergonomics....Pages 381-393
Air Traffic Controller Working Conditions and Organization: Suggestions for Analysis and Improvements from a Psychological Point of View....Pages 395-406
Front Matter....Pages 407-407
Selecting for Air Traffic Control: The State of the Art....Pages 409-427
Selection of Air Traffic Controllers for Automated Systems: Applications from Today’s Research....Pages 429-451
Automation Issues for the Selection of Controllers....Pages 453-459
Front Matter....Pages 407-407
Automation in ATC: How Does It Affect the Selection of Controllers?....Pages 461-465
Front Matter....Pages 467-467
Training Requirements for Automated ATC....Pages 469-479
Adaptive Training to Accommodate Automation in the Air Traffic Control System....Pages 481-495
Resource Management Training for Air Traffic Controllers....Pages 497-503
Non-Technical Training for Technocrats: Resource Management at Canadian Airlines....Pages 505-512
Critical Issues for Decision Makers in Providing Operator and Maintainer Training for Advanced Air Traffic Control Systems....Pages 513-525
Front Matter....Pages 527-527
A Modest Proposal for Future Systems....Pages 529-533
The Blue Sky Challenge: A Personal View....Pages 535-539
Automation and Systems Issues in Air Traffic Control: Blue Sky Concepts....Pages 541-545
What If... We Integrated Both Training and Monitoring Functions into Air Traffic Control Workstations?....Pages 547-550
Front Matter....Pages 551-551
Closing Remarks....Pages 553-559
Anyone at Home?....Pages 561-561
Back Matter....Pages 563-598
In recent years, increases in the amount and changes in the distribution of air traffic have been very dramatic and are continuing. The need for changes in the current air traffic systems is equally clear. While automation is generally accepted as a method of improving system safety and performance, high levels of automation in complex human-machine systems can have a negative effect on total system performance and have been identified as contributing factors in many accidents and failures. Those responsible for designing the advanced air traffic control systems to be implemented throughout the alliance during the next decade need to be aware of recent progress concerning the most effective application of automation and artificial intelligence in human-computer systems. This volume gives the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Maratea, Italy, June 18-29, 1990, at which these issues were discussed.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XIX
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The Impact of Automation on Air Traffic Control Systems....Pages 3-19
Assumptions and Automation in Air Traffic Systems....Pages 21-27
Front Matter....Pages 29-29
Computerization and Automation: Upgrading the American Air Traffic Control System....Pages 31-38
The Canadian Automated Air Traffic System (CAATS): An Overview....Pages 39-45
The Implementation and Impact of Automatic Data Processing on UK Military ATC Operations....Pages 47-53
From Under the Headset: The Role of the Air Traffic Controllers’ Professional Association in Present and Future Air Traffic Control Systems Development....Pages 55-59
Front Matter....Pages 61-61
Air Traffic Control and Systems Issues....Pages 63-78
ICAO and Future Air Navigation Systems....Pages 79-99
Social, Political, and Regulatory Issues Concerning Harmonization of Interacting Air Traffic Control Systems in Western Europe....Pages 101-106
Aircraft Traffic Forecast and Communications Requirements in the Year 2000....Pages 107-120
Automation in Environmental Engineering....Pages 121-125
The Role of Automation and Control Systems in Water Resources Engineering....Pages 127-134
Front Matter....Pages 135-135
Intelligent Dialogue in Air Traffic Control Systems....Pages 137-151
Close Ground/Air Cooperation in Dynamic Air Traffic Management....Pages 153-159
Multi-layer Queuing Model to Check Automated Air Traffic Control Systems....Pages 161-167
Application of Planning Aids for Air Traffic Control: Design Principles, Solutions, Results....Pages 169-172
Artificial Intelligence and Human Factors in ATC: Current Activity at Eurocontrol Experimental Centre....Pages 173-179
Meeting the ATC Challenge through Simulation....Pages 181-184
Front Matter....Pages 185-185
The Aims of Human Factors and Their Application to Issues in Automation and Air Traffic Control....Pages 187-199
Human Factors in System Design....Pages 201-208
Front Matter....Pages 185-185
Automated Systems: The Human Factor....Pages 209-215
Modelling Control Tasks in Complex Systems....Pages 217-234
Mental Models in Air Traffic Control....Pages 235-242
The Controller in Human Engineering....Pages 243-248
Acceptance of New Systems by Air Traffic Controllers....Pages 249-252
Front Matter....Pages 253-253
Stress and Workload Management in Air Traffic Control....Pages 255-266
Shiftwork and Circadian Variations of Vigilance and Performance....Pages 267-280
Operator Workload as a Limiting Factor in Complex Systems....Pages 281-292
Attention, Workload, and Automation....Pages 293-297
Front Matter....Pages 299-299
ICAO and Civil/Military Coordination....Pages 301-319
Error Models for Operating Irregularities: Implications for Automation....Pages 321-338
Cognitive Failures in Military Air Traffic Control....Pages 339-348
Human Factors in ATC Communication....Pages 349-351
Results of a Perceptual Study on Human Error in Computer Systems Based on Bailey’s Research....Pages 353-364
Front Matter....Pages 365-365
Automation, Information and Consciousness in Air Traffic Control....Pages 367-380
Issues in Cultural Ergonomics....Pages 381-393
Air Traffic Controller Working Conditions and Organization: Suggestions for Analysis and Improvements from a Psychological Point of View....Pages 395-406
Front Matter....Pages 407-407
Selecting for Air Traffic Control: The State of the Art....Pages 409-427
Selection of Air Traffic Controllers for Automated Systems: Applications from Today’s Research....Pages 429-451
Automation Issues for the Selection of Controllers....Pages 453-459
Front Matter....Pages 407-407
Automation in ATC: How Does It Affect the Selection of Controllers?....Pages 461-465
Front Matter....Pages 467-467
Training Requirements for Automated ATC....Pages 469-479
Adaptive Training to Accommodate Automation in the Air Traffic Control System....Pages 481-495
Resource Management Training for Air Traffic Controllers....Pages 497-503
Non-Technical Training for Technocrats: Resource Management at Canadian Airlines....Pages 505-512
Critical Issues for Decision Makers in Providing Operator and Maintainer Training for Advanced Air Traffic Control Systems....Pages 513-525
Front Matter....Pages 527-527
A Modest Proposal for Future Systems....Pages 529-533
The Blue Sky Challenge: A Personal View....Pages 535-539
Automation and Systems Issues in Air Traffic Control: Blue Sky Concepts....Pages 541-545
What If... We Integrated Both Training and Monitoring Functions into Air Traffic Control Workstations?....Pages 547-550
Front Matter....Pages 551-551
Closing Remarks....Pages 553-559
Anyone at Home?....Pages 561-561
Back Matter....Pages 563-598
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