Ebook: Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints: Volume I

Historical folklore indicates that Asklepios (circa 900 BC), the fir~t western doctor of ancient Greece, treated many patients with rheumatic diseases of 1 joints ,2. Later, Hippocrates (circa 400 BC), who claimed to have learned from Asklepios, used the term arthritis in reference to joint diseases: "When the disease of arthritis strikes, acute inflammation and pain attacks the joints of the body ... ". Indeed, arthritic joint disease dates much farther back into antiquity than Asklepios. Many modern anthropologists have noted degenerative joint disease in the fossils of Neanderthal man (archanthropus europeus petraloniensis) and even in those of dinosaurs. More recent scientific studies on joints date back to the work of the great English anatomist Hunter who wrote "The Structure and Diseases of Articular Cartilage" in the Philosophical Transactions of London in 1743. The notion that osteoarthritis results from the wearing away of cartilage was copiously documented by the histological observations of the German physician Ecker in 1843. This idea was further supported by Pommer (1927) who felt that mechanical stresses played important roles in the initiation and propagation of cartilage lesions leading to osteoarthritis. This same conclusion was reached by the assembled distinguished experts at a National Institutes of Health Workshop 3 held in 1986 .

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xix
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Structure and Function of Normal and Healing Tendons and Ligaments....Pages 3-38
The Biology of Tendons and Ligaments....Pages 39-62
Biomechanics and Morphology of the Medial Collateral and Anterior Cruciate Ligaments....Pages 63-104
Biomechanics of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and its Replacements....Pages 105-154
New Insights Into Load Bearing Functions of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament....Pages 155-175
Structure and Biology of the Knee Meniscus....Pages 177-190
Structure and Function of the Meniscus: Basic and Clinical Implications....Pages 191-211
Front Matter....Pages 213-213
Biphasic and Quasilinear Viscoelastic Theories for Hydrated Soft Tissues....Pages 215-260
Physicochemical and Bioelectrical Determinants of Cartilage Material Properties....Pages 261-282
A Triphasic Theory for the Swelling Properties of Hydrated Charged Soft Biological Tissues....Pages 283-312
Viscometric Properties of Proteoglycan Solutions at Physiological Concentrations....Pages 313-344
Osmotic and Hydraulic Flows in Proteoglycan Solutions....Pages 345-362
Water Content and Solute Diffusion Properties in Articular Cartilage....Pages 363-390
Biomechanical Properties of Healing Cartilage....Pages 391-399
Alternate Hybrid, Mixed, and Penalty Finite Element Formulations for the Biphasic Model of Soft Hydrated Tissues....Pages 401-435
Characteristics of Joint Loading as it Applies to Osteoarthrosis....Pages 437-451

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xix
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Structure and Function of Normal and Healing Tendons and Ligaments....Pages 3-38
The Biology of Tendons and Ligaments....Pages 39-62
Biomechanics and Morphology of the Medial Collateral and Anterior Cruciate Ligaments....Pages 63-104
Biomechanics of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and its Replacements....Pages 105-154
New Insights Into Load Bearing Functions of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament....Pages 155-175
Structure and Biology of the Knee Meniscus....Pages 177-190
Structure and Function of the Meniscus: Basic and Clinical Implications....Pages 191-211
Front Matter....Pages 213-213
Biphasic and Quasilinear Viscoelastic Theories for Hydrated Soft Tissues....Pages 215-260
Physicochemical and Bioelectrical Determinants of Cartilage Material Properties....Pages 261-282
A Triphasic Theory for the Swelling Properties of Hydrated Charged Soft Biological Tissues....Pages 283-312
Viscometric Properties of Proteoglycan Solutions at Physiological Concentrations....Pages 313-344
Osmotic and Hydraulic Flows in Proteoglycan Solutions....Pages 345-362
Water Content and Solute Diffusion Properties in Articular Cartilage....Pages 363-390
Biomechanical Properties of Healing Cartilage....Pages 391-399
Alternate Hybrid, Mixed, and Penalty Finite Element Formulations for the Biphasic Model of Soft Hydrated Tissues....Pages 401-435
Characteristics of Joint Loading as it Applies to Osteoarthrosis....Pages 437-451
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