Ebook: The Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits

Suppose one were given the task of mapping the general circulation in an unfamiliar ocean. The ocean, like our own, is subdivided into basins and marginal seas interconnected by sea straits. Assuming a limited budget for this undertaking, one would do well to choose the straits as observational starting points. To begin with, the currents flowing from one basin to the next, over possibly wide and time-varying paths, are confined to narrow and stable routes within the straits. Mass, heat and chemical budgets for individual basins can be formulated in terms of the fluxes measured across the straits using a relatively small number of instruments. The confinement of the flow by a strait can also give rise to profound dynamical conse­ quences including choking or hydraulic control, a process similar to that by which a dam regulates the flow from a reservoir. The funneling geometry can lead to enhanced tidal modulation and increased velocities, giving rise to local instabilities, mixing, internal bores, jumps, and other striking hydraulic and fine scale phenomena. In short, sea straits repre­ sent choke points which are observationally and dynamically strategic and which contain a full range of fascinating physical processes.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xv
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Characteristics of Circulation in an Indonesian Archipelago Strait from Hydrography, Current Measurements and Modeling Results....Pages 3-23
On the Physical Oceanography of the Turkish Straits....Pages 25-60
A Review of the Physical Oceanography of Fram Strait....Pages 61-93
Tidal Currents and Transient Phenomena in the Strait of Messina: a Review....Pages 95-124
Measurements and Modelling in the Great Belt: a Unique Opportunity for Model Verification....Pages 125-152
Zero Blocking Solution for the Great Belt Link....Pages 153-169
The Flow through Vitiaz Strait and St. George’s Channel, Papua New Guinea....Pages 171-189
A Review of Recent Physical Investigations on the Straits around the Japanese Islands....Pages 191-209
Influence of the Climatic Conditions on the Winter Fluxes in the Corsican Channel....Pages 211-224
Long Term Current and Sea Level Measurements Conducted at Bosphorus....Pages 225-236
WOCE and the Gibraltar Experiment Third Objective....Pages 237-242
Front Matter....Pages 243-243
Hydraulic Models of Deep Stratified Flows over Topography....Pages 245-269
Is the Exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar Maximal or Submaximal?....Pages 271-294
Aspiration of Deep Waters through Straits....Pages 295-319
A Review of Rotating Hydraulics....Pages 321-341
Rotating Two-Layer Sill Flows....Pages 343-371
Role of Laboratory Experiments and Models in the Study of Sea Strait Processes....Pages 373-388
Front Matter....Pages 389-389
Review of Dispersive and Resonant Effects in Internal Wave Propagation....Pages 391-420
Time-Dependent, Two-Layer Flow over a Sill....Pages 421-432
Long Progressive Waves in Rotating Fluid....Pages 433-440
Front Matter....Pages 389-389
Characteristic Features Occurring in the Strait of Gibraltar as Seen through Remote Sensing Data....Pages 441-455
The Barotropic Tide in the Strait of Gibraltar....Pages 457-475
Generation and Kinematics of the Internal Tide in the Strait of Gibraltar....Pages 477-491
The Structure of the Internal Bore in the Strait of Gibraltar and its Influence on the Atlantic Inflow....Pages 493-508
Transients in the Nonlinear Adjustment to Geostrophy....Pages 509-516
Front Matter....Pages 517-517
Can Mixing in Exchange Flows be Predicted Using Internal Hydraulics?....Pages 519-536
A Simple Model of the Descending Mediterranean Outflow Plume....Pages 537-544
Friction in a Shallow Two-Layer Flow in a Rotating Ocean....Pages 545-557
The Breakup of Outflows and the Formation of ‘Meddies’....Pages 559-566
The Dynamics of Two Dimensional Turbulence....Pages 567-574
Front Matter....Pages 575-575
Current Research Problems....Pages 577-580
Back Matter....Pages 581-587

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xv
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Characteristics of Circulation in an Indonesian Archipelago Strait from Hydrography, Current Measurements and Modeling Results....Pages 3-23
On the Physical Oceanography of the Turkish Straits....Pages 25-60
A Review of the Physical Oceanography of Fram Strait....Pages 61-93
Tidal Currents and Transient Phenomena in the Strait of Messina: a Review....Pages 95-124
Measurements and Modelling in the Great Belt: a Unique Opportunity for Model Verification....Pages 125-152
Zero Blocking Solution for the Great Belt Link....Pages 153-169
The Flow through Vitiaz Strait and St. George’s Channel, Papua New Guinea....Pages 171-189
A Review of Recent Physical Investigations on the Straits around the Japanese Islands....Pages 191-209
Influence of the Climatic Conditions on the Winter Fluxes in the Corsican Channel....Pages 211-224
Long Term Current and Sea Level Measurements Conducted at Bosphorus....Pages 225-236
WOCE and the Gibraltar Experiment Third Objective....Pages 237-242
Front Matter....Pages 243-243
Hydraulic Models of Deep Stratified Flows over Topography....Pages 245-269
Is the Exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar Maximal or Submaximal?....Pages 271-294
Aspiration of Deep Waters through Straits....Pages 295-319
A Review of Rotating Hydraulics....Pages 321-341
Rotating Two-Layer Sill Flows....Pages 343-371
Role of Laboratory Experiments and Models in the Study of Sea Strait Processes....Pages 373-388
Front Matter....Pages 389-389
Review of Dispersive and Resonant Effects in Internal Wave Propagation....Pages 391-420
Time-Dependent, Two-Layer Flow over a Sill....Pages 421-432
Long Progressive Waves in Rotating Fluid....Pages 433-440
Front Matter....Pages 389-389
Characteristic Features Occurring in the Strait of Gibraltar as Seen through Remote Sensing Data....Pages 441-455
The Barotropic Tide in the Strait of Gibraltar....Pages 457-475
Generation and Kinematics of the Internal Tide in the Strait of Gibraltar....Pages 477-491
The Structure of the Internal Bore in the Strait of Gibraltar and its Influence on the Atlantic Inflow....Pages 493-508
Transients in the Nonlinear Adjustment to Geostrophy....Pages 509-516
Front Matter....Pages 517-517
Can Mixing in Exchange Flows be Predicted Using Internal Hydraulics?....Pages 519-536
A Simple Model of the Descending Mediterranean Outflow Plume....Pages 537-544
Friction in a Shallow Two-Layer Flow in a Rotating Ocean....Pages 545-557
The Breakup of Outflows and the Formation of ‘Meddies’....Pages 559-566
The Dynamics of Two Dimensional Turbulence....Pages 567-574
Front Matter....Pages 575-575
Current Research Problems....Pages 577-580
Back Matter....Pages 581-587
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