Ebook: Second Century of the Skyscraper: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

tenant is looming in importance. The owner is having more influence on the building. As Gerald D. Hines has said, there are indications that the desire for more discretionary time will lead to more residential high-rises dose to or in the midst of downtown office buildings. Downtown living could become the desired alternative. Tall buildings will be approached increasingly from the standpoint of an urban ecology - that what happens to apart can influence the whole. Provid­ ing for public as well as private needs in a tall building project is just one example (facilities for schools, shops, religious, and other needs). More attention will be paid to maintaining streets as lively and interesting places. Will a new "world's tallest" be built? Will we go a mile high? The answer is probably "yes" to the first, "no" to the second. With the recent spate of super-tall buildings on the drawing boards, going to greater heights was in the back of many people's minds at the Chicago conference. But in the U nited States, at least, buildings of 70 to 80 stories would appear to provide needed space consistent with economy. The future, then, is described in depth by papers that go into specific areas.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxvii
Introductory Review....Pages 1-2
The Philosophy and The Future of the Skyscraper....Pages 3-10
The Two Centuries of Technical Evolution Underlying the Skyscraper....Pages 11-24
The Relative Value of Invention and the History of Tall Buildings....Pages 25-32
Evolution of the Skyscraper: A History of the Tall Building in Chicago....Pages 33-52
Time’s Arrow: Tall Moving Targets and Social Research....Pages 53-58
Social and Environmental Factors of High-Rise Living: A Singapore Experience....Pages 59-78
The Urban Ecology of Tall Buildings....Pages 79-85
A Preliminary Model for the Economic Analysis of Tall Buildings....Pages 87-100
Architecture and Society....Pages 101-115
Tall Buildings as Symbols....Pages 117-147
Considerations for Urban Architecture and the Tall Building....Pages 149-164
A Perspective on Architectural Directions....Pages 165-181
The Architecture of Large Buildings....Pages 183-188
Impact of European Technical Culture on the Development of Tall Building Architecture....Pages 189-199
Building Design Consultation....Pages 201-208
The Inside Story: How Structure and Services Impact Office Design in Tall Buildings....Pages 209-227
Chicago Update....Pages 229-232
San Francisco Downtown Plan and the Skyscraper....Pages 233-255
The Chicago Perspective: Response to the San Francisco Plan....Pages 257-262
The San Francisco Downtown Plan: A Tale of Two Cities....Pages 263-274
Tall Buildings, Tight Streets....Pages 275-285
Skylobbies and Interconnecting Links Amid the Cluster of Skyscrapers....Pages 287-295
Project Management for Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat....Pages 297-307
Scheduling Tall Buildings....Pages 309-315
High-Rise Development In India....Pages 317-325
Developing Tall Buildings to Meet Future Needs: Transco Tower Case History....Pages 327-336
Introductory Review....Pages 337-338
The Composite High-Rise Building—An Interaction of Planning, Structure, Speed, and Economy....Pages 339-351
A Tall Building of Stacked Steel and Concrete Structures....Pages 353-360
A Tall Building Core-Hanger Interaction System....Pages 361-365
Transfer Structures....Pages 367-382
Investigation and Prevention of Failures....Pages 383-395
Design of Glass Against Breakage....Pages 397-407
Innovations in High-Rise Construction....Pages 409-425
Times Square Office Center The Story of A High-Rise Complex....Pages 427-432
Recent Improvements in Foundations....Pages 433-442
High-Rise Public Housing Development in Singapore....Pages 443-463
Demand for High-Rise Housing in the United States....Pages 465-472
A Comparison of High-Rise Housing in India with Industrialized Countries....Pages 473-482
Prefabricated Concrete Systems....Pages 483-491
INTEGRO: Open-Element Prefabricated Construction System....Pages 493-505
Construction Robotics in Japan....Pages 507-552
Computer Integrated Facilities Management....Pages 553-555
Reduce Operating Expenses by Computerizing Facilities Management....Pages 557-562
Perceptions of the Computer in Design....Pages 563-569
Role of Expert Systems in High-Rise Building Design....Pages 571-589
Knowledge-Based Systems for Tall Buildings....Pages 591-604
Introductory Review....Pages 605-606
High-Rise Office Buildings: Changes Anticipated by the Year 2000....Pages 607-620
Energy Consumption and Power Requirements of Elevators....Pages 621-627
Space-Saving Elevators for the Very Tall Building....Pages 629-633
Current and Future Trends: The New Age of Buildings....Pages 635-644
Introductory Review....Pages 645-648
Behavior of Structures Retrofitted with Diagonal Steel Bracings During the 1985 Mexico City Earthquake....Pages 649-655
Damage Statistics of the September 19, 1985 Earthquake in Mexico City....Pages 657-666
Effects of the September 19, 1985 Earthquake on the Buildings of Mexico City....Pages 667-678
Lessons of the Mexico City Earthquake....Pages 679-680
Definition of Wind Pressure on Tall Buildings....Pages 681-688
Air Infiltration and Internal Pressures in Tall Buildings....Pages 689-695
Effects of Higher Modes on Response of Wind-Excited Tall Buildings....Pages 697-703
The Response of Supertall Buildings to Wind....Pages 705-725
Fire Safety Design For Tall Buildings: Recent Developments....Pages 727-733
Safety, Quality Assurance, and Performance....Pages 735-740
Structural Safety: Some Problems of Achievement and Control....Pages 741-757
Motion in Tall Buildings....Pages 759-778
Damping in Tall Buildings....Pages 779-788
The Role of Damping Systems....Pages 789-802
Introductory Review....Pages 803-805
Structural Standards....Pages 807-813
Seismic Design of Tall Steel Buildings....Pages 815-835
Design for Strength (Stability)....Pages 837-846
Adaptive Expert System for Preliminary Design of Wind Bracings in Steel Skeleton Structures....Pages 847-855
Connection Flexibility in Steel Frames....Pages 857-884
Serviceability Limits for Tall Buildings....Pages 885-895
Introductory Review....Pages 897-898
Building Codes....Pages 899-903
Concrete Buildings — A Mile High....Pages 905-919
Methods of Analysis in the Design of Tall Concrete and Masonry Buildings....Pages 921-944
Precast and Prestressed Concrete Directions in Australia and Southeast Asia....Pages 945-958
Deterioration of Concrete....Pages 959-963
U.S. Coordinated Program for Masonry Building Research....Pages 965-973
Superstructure of OUB Centre, Singapore....Pages 975-987
The Skyscraper’s Base: Architecture, Landscape and Use in the Dallas Arts District....Pages 989-1001
Back Matter....Pages 1003-1108

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxvii
Introductory Review....Pages 1-2
The Philosophy and The Future of the Skyscraper....Pages 3-10
The Two Centuries of Technical Evolution Underlying the Skyscraper....Pages 11-24
The Relative Value of Invention and the History of Tall Buildings....Pages 25-32
Evolution of the Skyscraper: A History of the Tall Building in Chicago....Pages 33-52
Time’s Arrow: Tall Moving Targets and Social Research....Pages 53-58
Social and Environmental Factors of High-Rise Living: A Singapore Experience....Pages 59-78
The Urban Ecology of Tall Buildings....Pages 79-85
A Preliminary Model for the Economic Analysis of Tall Buildings....Pages 87-100
Architecture and Society....Pages 101-115
Tall Buildings as Symbols....Pages 117-147
Considerations for Urban Architecture and the Tall Building....Pages 149-164
A Perspective on Architectural Directions....Pages 165-181
The Architecture of Large Buildings....Pages 183-188
Impact of European Technical Culture on the Development of Tall Building Architecture....Pages 189-199
Building Design Consultation....Pages 201-208
The Inside Story: How Structure and Services Impact Office Design in Tall Buildings....Pages 209-227
Chicago Update....Pages 229-232
San Francisco Downtown Plan and the Skyscraper....Pages 233-255
The Chicago Perspective: Response to the San Francisco Plan....Pages 257-262
The San Francisco Downtown Plan: A Tale of Two Cities....Pages 263-274
Tall Buildings, Tight Streets....Pages 275-285
Skylobbies and Interconnecting Links Amid the Cluster of Skyscrapers....Pages 287-295
Project Management for Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat....Pages 297-307
Scheduling Tall Buildings....Pages 309-315
High-Rise Development In India....Pages 317-325
Developing Tall Buildings to Meet Future Needs: Transco Tower Case History....Pages 327-336
Introductory Review....Pages 337-338
The Composite High-Rise Building—An Interaction of Planning, Structure, Speed, and Economy....Pages 339-351
A Tall Building of Stacked Steel and Concrete Structures....Pages 353-360
A Tall Building Core-Hanger Interaction System....Pages 361-365
Transfer Structures....Pages 367-382
Investigation and Prevention of Failures....Pages 383-395
Design of Glass Against Breakage....Pages 397-407
Innovations in High-Rise Construction....Pages 409-425
Times Square Office Center The Story of A High-Rise Complex....Pages 427-432
Recent Improvements in Foundations....Pages 433-442
High-Rise Public Housing Development in Singapore....Pages 443-463
Demand for High-Rise Housing in the United States....Pages 465-472
A Comparison of High-Rise Housing in India with Industrialized Countries....Pages 473-482
Prefabricated Concrete Systems....Pages 483-491
INTEGRO: Open-Element Prefabricated Construction System....Pages 493-505
Construction Robotics in Japan....Pages 507-552
Computer Integrated Facilities Management....Pages 553-555
Reduce Operating Expenses by Computerizing Facilities Management....Pages 557-562
Perceptions of the Computer in Design....Pages 563-569
Role of Expert Systems in High-Rise Building Design....Pages 571-589
Knowledge-Based Systems for Tall Buildings....Pages 591-604
Introductory Review....Pages 605-606
High-Rise Office Buildings: Changes Anticipated by the Year 2000....Pages 607-620
Energy Consumption and Power Requirements of Elevators....Pages 621-627
Space-Saving Elevators for the Very Tall Building....Pages 629-633
Current and Future Trends: The New Age of Buildings....Pages 635-644
Introductory Review....Pages 645-648
Behavior of Structures Retrofitted with Diagonal Steel Bracings During the 1985 Mexico City Earthquake....Pages 649-655
Damage Statistics of the September 19, 1985 Earthquake in Mexico City....Pages 657-666
Effects of the September 19, 1985 Earthquake on the Buildings of Mexico City....Pages 667-678
Lessons of the Mexico City Earthquake....Pages 679-680
Definition of Wind Pressure on Tall Buildings....Pages 681-688
Air Infiltration and Internal Pressures in Tall Buildings....Pages 689-695
Effects of Higher Modes on Response of Wind-Excited Tall Buildings....Pages 697-703
The Response of Supertall Buildings to Wind....Pages 705-725
Fire Safety Design For Tall Buildings: Recent Developments....Pages 727-733
Safety, Quality Assurance, and Performance....Pages 735-740
Structural Safety: Some Problems of Achievement and Control....Pages 741-757
Motion in Tall Buildings....Pages 759-778
Damping in Tall Buildings....Pages 779-788
The Role of Damping Systems....Pages 789-802
Introductory Review....Pages 803-805
Structural Standards....Pages 807-813
Seismic Design of Tall Steel Buildings....Pages 815-835
Design for Strength (Stability)....Pages 837-846
Adaptive Expert System for Preliminary Design of Wind Bracings in Steel Skeleton Structures....Pages 847-855
Connection Flexibility in Steel Frames....Pages 857-884
Serviceability Limits for Tall Buildings....Pages 885-895
Introductory Review....Pages 897-898
Building Codes....Pages 899-903
Concrete Buildings — A Mile High....Pages 905-919
Methods of Analysis in the Design of Tall Concrete and Masonry Buildings....Pages 921-944
Precast and Prestressed Concrete Directions in Australia and Southeast Asia....Pages 945-958
Deterioration of Concrete....Pages 959-963
U.S. Coordinated Program for Masonry Building Research....Pages 965-973
Superstructure of OUB Centre, Singapore....Pages 975-987
The Skyscraper’s Base: Architecture, Landscape and Use in the Dallas Arts District....Pages 989-1001
Back Matter....Pages 1003-1108
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