Ebook: Phonological Parsing in Speech Recognition
Author: Kenneth W. Church (auth.)
- Tags: Signal Image and Speech Processing, Phonology, Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics), Computational Linguistics
- Series: The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science 38
- Year: 1987
- Publisher: Springer US
- Edition: 1
- Language: English
- pdf
It is well-known that phonemes have different acoustic realizations depending on the context. Thus, for example, the phoneme /t! is typically realized with a heavily aspirated strong burst at the beginning of a syllable as in the word Tom, but without a burst at the end of a syllable in a word like cat. Variation such as this is often considered to be problematic for speech recogni tion: (1) "In most systems for sentence recognition, such modifications must be viewed as a kind of 'noise' that makes it more difficult to hypothesize lexical candidates given an in put phonetic transcription. To see that this must be the case, we note that each phonological rule [in a certain example] results in irreversible ambiguity-the phonological rule does not have a unique inverse that could be used to recover the underlying phonemic representation for a lexical item. For example, . . . schwa vowels could be the first vowel in a word like 'about' or the surface realization of almost any English vowel appearing in a sufficiently destressed word. The tongue flap [(] could have come from a /t! or a /d/. " [65, pp. 548-549] This view of allophonic variation is representative of much of the speech recognition literature, especially during the late 1970's. One can find similar statements by Cole and Jakimik [22] and by Jelinek [50].
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xvii
Introduction....Pages 1-40
Representation of Segments....Pages 41-63
Allophonic Rules....Pages 65-82
An Alternative: Phrase-Structure Rules....Pages 83-95
Parser Implementation....Pages 97-118
Phonotactic Constraints....Pages 119-131
When Phonotactic Constraints are Not Enough....Pages 133-154
Robustness Issues....Pages 155-178
Conclusion....Pages 179-188
Back Matter....Pages 189-261
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xvii
Introduction....Pages 1-40
Representation of Segments....Pages 41-63
Allophonic Rules....Pages 65-82
An Alternative: Phrase-Structure Rules....Pages 83-95
Parser Implementation....Pages 97-118
Phonotactic Constraints....Pages 119-131
When Phonotactic Constraints are Not Enough....Pages 133-154
Robustness Issues....Pages 155-178
Conclusion....Pages 179-188
Back Matter....Pages 189-261
....