Ebook: Localization and Orientation in Biology and Engineering

The German Society of Cybernetics organizes international conferences on selected interdisciplinary topics in regular 3-year intervals. The aim of these meetings is to bring together scientists who work in quite different disciplines, but are confronted with related problems and use the same or similar approaches. The topic of the 1983 conference which was held on March 23-25 at the University of Tiibingen came from a typical field of research in which engineers, biologists, and phYSicists share a common interest. We do not want to discuss here in detail the common principles which are used by nature and by engineers to solve the problems associated with localization and orientation, since the reader will find enough examples in this volume. The question, however, whether the participants of such meetings can really profit from each other, deserves some further consid­ eration. First, there is the difficulty of finding a common language. This still seems to be a problem, although in some fields the language of engineers and biologists has become very similar over the years, an impression we also gained during the conference. Most of the authors made a great ef­ fort to use a vocabulary which is understandable to people outside their own field of research, but, admittedly, not all succeeded.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XV
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The Problem of Orientation in Photogrammetry from the Phototheodolite to Earth Resources Satellites....Pages 3-11
Digital Array Signal Processing Methods Applied for Advanced Direction Finding Operations....Pages 12-20
Remote Sensing and Imaging with Microwave Sensors....Pages 21-27
The Application of Spread Spectrum Techniques in Satellite Orbit Determination and Navigation Systems....Pages 28-31
Passive Bearing Estimation of a Moving Sound Source Using an Adaptive Filter....Pages 32-37
Second-Order Representation of Signals....Pages 38-41
The Phonochrome — A Coherent Spectro-Temporal Representation of Sound....Pages 42-45
Directional Hearing and the Acoustical Near-Field of a Human and an Artificial Head....Pages 46-49
Determination of the Transfer Function of a Time-Varying Transfer Channel by a Correlation Method. Illustrated on Sound Propagation Through a Turbulent Medium....Pages 50-54
Redundance of Acoustic Localization....Pages 55-59
Sound Localization in the Horizontal Plane by the House Mouse (Mus musculus)....Pages 60-62
Localization of Water Surface Waves with the Lateral Line System in the Clawed Toad (Xenopus laevis Daudin)....Pages 63-65
Determination of Source-Distance by the Surface-Feeding Fishes Aplocheilus lineatus (Cyprinodontidae) and Pantodon buchholzi (Pantodontidae)....Pages 66-68
Mathematical Description of the Stimulus for the Lateral Line Organ....Pages 69-72
Image Sequence Analysis for Target Tracking....Pages 73-76
Detection Performance in Visual Search Tasks....Pages 77-81
Prediction of Human Pattern Discrimination....Pages 82-86
On the Application of Associative Neural Network Models to Technical Control Problems....Pages 87-89
Control of Hand-Movements Towards a Target....Pages 90-93
Front Matter....Pages 94-97
How the Primate Brain Perfoms Detection and Pursuit of Moving Visual Objects....Pages 1-1
Non-Linear Interaction of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex and Pursuit Eye Movements....Pages 98-104
How Saccadic Eye Movements Find their Target....Pages 105-107
Visual Orientation of Flies in Flight....Pages 108-111
Front Matter....Pages 112-118
Roll-Stabilization During Flight of the Blowfly’s Head and Body by Mechanical and Visual Cues....Pages 119-119
Activation of Flight Control Muscles by Neck Reflexes in the Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia var. domestica)....Pages 121-134
Control of Flight Speed by Minimization of the Apparent Ground Pattern Movement....Pages 135-137
Short-Term Integration: A Possible Mechanism in the Optomotor Reaction of Walking Crickets?....Pages 138-139
Computation of Motion and Position in the Visual System of the Fly (Musca). Experiments with Uniform Stimulation....Pages 140-142
The Stimulus Efficiency of Intensity Contrast, Spectral Contrast and Polarization Contrast in the Optomotorics of Pachnoda marginata (Coleoptera: Cetoniinae)....Pages 143-148
A Possible Neuronal Mechanism of Velocity and Direction Detection....Pages 149-152
Optical Monitoring of Ego-Motion for Movement with Respect to a Plane Surface....Pages 153-155
Perception of Differences Between Visually and Mechanically Presented Motion Information....Pages 156-159
Paired Tread Wheels as a Tool for the Analysis of Orientation Behaviour in Arthropods....Pages 160-162
Wind Orientation in Walking Carrion Beetles (Necrophorus humator F.) Under Closed and Open Loop Conditions....Pages 163-166
Correcting Behaviour — a Mechanism to Support Course Stability?....Pages 167-169
Acoustical Pattern Recognition in Crickets....Pages 170-172
Neural Enhancement of Directionality in Sensory Pathways of Two Arthropods, the Cricket and the Crayfish....Pages 173-176
Front Matter....Pages 177-180
Homing by Systematic Search....Pages 181-185
Front Matter....Pages 186-191
The Superlaminated Torus in the Electric Fish Eigenmannia, a Multimodal Space Integrator....Pages 119-119
The Performance of Bat Sonar Systems....Pages 192-199
Short-Time Spectral Analysis of the Ultrasound Echoes of Flying Insects....Pages 201-201
Control of Echolocation Pulses in the CF-FM-Bat Rhinolophus rouxi: Neurophysiological Investigations of the Function of the Brain Stem Motor Nucleus Innervating the Larynx: the Nucleus Ambiguus....Pages 203-210
Echolocation as Seen from the Viewpoint of Radar/Sonar Theory....Pages 211-224
Remarks on Recent Developments in Inverse Scattering Theory....Pages 225-230
Signal Extraction and Target Detection for Localization by Radar....Pages 231-233
Environment and Factors Influencing Optimum Multi-Radar Processing in Air Traffic Control....Pages 234-244
Collision Avoidance in Air Traffic — Conflict Detection and Resolution....Pages 245-250
A Ship Encounter — Collision Model....Pages 251-255
Front Matter....Pages 256-261
Pacific Systems of Trade and Navigation....Pages 262-269
Interplanetary Navigation: An Overview....Pages 270-274
Image-Supported Navigation....Pages 275-275
Range Measuring Techniques in Aviation....Pages 277-293
The Geometrical Characteristics of the Navigation Satellite Systems....Pages 294-305
Elements of Bird Navigation....Pages 306-313
The Development of the Navigational System in Young Homing Pigeons....Pages 314-319
The Homing Behavior of Pigeons Raised in a Reversed Magnetic Field....Pages 320-324
The Magnetic Compass as an Independent Alternative to the Sun Compass in the Homing Performance of Young Pigeons....Pages 325-336
Front Matter....Pages 337-343
Typical Migratory Birds: Endogenously Programmed Animals....Pages 344-347
The Influence of the Earth Magnetic Field to the Migratory Behaviour of Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca PALLAS)....Pages 348-350
Migratory Birds: Path-Finding Using Madar? (Magnetic Detection and Ranging)....Pages 275-275
Back Matter....Pages 351-356
....Pages 357-359