Ebook: Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Nonionizing Radiation

During the last 30 years, there has been a remarkable devel­ opment and increase in the number of processes and devices that utilize or emit non-ionizing radiant energies such as micro­ waves, a form of electromagnetic wave energy and ultrasound representative of mechanical vibration. These energies are used in all sectors of our society for military, industrial, telecommunications, medical, and consumer applications. More recently, the use of ultrasound in biology and medicine has been considerably expanded. These increases in sources of non­ ionizing radiant energy have resulted in growing interest on the part of government regulatory agencies, industrial and mili­ tary physicians, research workers, clinicians, and even environ­ mentalists. Although there is information on biologic effects and potential hazards to man from exposure to microwaves or ultrasound, considerable confusion and misinformation has permeated not only the public press but also some scientific and technical publications. Interest in the biologic effects of high frequency currents developed in the beginning of the present century. This was followed by the introduction of "u1trashortwave" therapy. During the latter part of World War II, the U. S. military services became interested in the possible hazards to personnel working around microwave sources, and the Office of Naval Research of the U. S. Navy began to sponsor research on the biologic effects of microwaves in 1948. In 1956, the U. S.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xvi
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Dielectric Properties of Biological Materials and Interaction of Microwave Fields at the Cellular and Molecular Level....Pages 3-19
Acoustic Properties of Biological Materials....Pages 21-40
Synthesis of Frequency Response of Electric Field Probes....Pages 41-57
Ultrasonic Measuring Techniques....Pages 59-89
Front Matter....Pages 91-91
Transient Effects of Low-Level Microwave Irradiation on Bioelectric Muscle Cell Properties and on Water Permeability and Its Distribution....Pages 93-127
Thermal Factors in Ultrasonic Focal Destruction in Organized Tissues....Pages 129-141
Physiological Responses to Heat....Pages 143-164
Front Matter....Pages 165-165
Electrophysiological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Animals....Pages 167-211
Sensation and Perception of Microwave Energy....Pages 213-229
Front Matter....Pages 231-231
Are Chromosomal Aberrations Reliable Indicators of Environmental Hazards?....Pages 233-248
Action of Ultrasound on Isolated Cells and Cell Cultures....Pages 249-262
Non-Thermal Effects of Ultrasound on Intact Animal Tissues....Pages 263-276
Physical Consequences of Ultrasound in Plant Tissues and Other Bio-Systems....Pages 277-299
Front Matter....Pages 301-301
The Use of Non-Ionizing Radiation for Therapeutic Heating....Pages 303-324
Ultrasound in Surgery....Pages 325-340
Safety of Ultrasound in Diagnosis....Pages 341-350
EMC Design Effectiveness in Electronic Medical Prosthetic Devices....Pages 351-363
Front Matter....Pages 365-365
Analysis of Occupational Exposure to Microwave Radiation....Pages 367-377
Control of Occupational Exposure to Non-Ionizing Radiation....Pages 379-387
Military Role in Safe Use of Microwaves....Pages 389-407
Front Matter....Pages 409-409
Prospects for Expansion of Industrial and Consumer Uses of Microwaves....Pages 411-432
Solar Power via Satellite....Pages 433-446
International Cooperation on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection....Pages 447-457
Back Matter....Pages 459-470

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xvi
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Dielectric Properties of Biological Materials and Interaction of Microwave Fields at the Cellular and Molecular Level....Pages 3-19
Acoustic Properties of Biological Materials....Pages 21-40
Synthesis of Frequency Response of Electric Field Probes....Pages 41-57
Ultrasonic Measuring Techniques....Pages 59-89
Front Matter....Pages 91-91
Transient Effects of Low-Level Microwave Irradiation on Bioelectric Muscle Cell Properties and on Water Permeability and Its Distribution....Pages 93-127
Thermal Factors in Ultrasonic Focal Destruction in Organized Tissues....Pages 129-141
Physiological Responses to Heat....Pages 143-164
Front Matter....Pages 165-165
Electrophysiological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Animals....Pages 167-211
Sensation and Perception of Microwave Energy....Pages 213-229
Front Matter....Pages 231-231
Are Chromosomal Aberrations Reliable Indicators of Environmental Hazards?....Pages 233-248
Action of Ultrasound on Isolated Cells and Cell Cultures....Pages 249-262
Non-Thermal Effects of Ultrasound on Intact Animal Tissues....Pages 263-276
Physical Consequences of Ultrasound in Plant Tissues and Other Bio-Systems....Pages 277-299
Front Matter....Pages 301-301
The Use of Non-Ionizing Radiation for Therapeutic Heating....Pages 303-324
Ultrasound in Surgery....Pages 325-340
Safety of Ultrasound in Diagnosis....Pages 341-350
EMC Design Effectiveness in Electronic Medical Prosthetic Devices....Pages 351-363
Front Matter....Pages 365-365
Analysis of Occupational Exposure to Microwave Radiation....Pages 367-377
Control of Occupational Exposure to Non-Ionizing Radiation....Pages 379-387
Military Role in Safe Use of Microwaves....Pages 389-407
Front Matter....Pages 409-409
Prospects for Expansion of Industrial and Consumer Uses of Microwaves....Pages 411-432
Solar Power via Satellite....Pages 433-446
International Cooperation on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection....Pages 447-457
Back Matter....Pages 459-470
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