Ebook: High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids V: Shock Chemistry with Applications to Meteorite Impacts

Shock waves produce a wide variety of physical, chemical, mineralogical, and other effects in materials through which they pass. Since the beginning of civili­ zation, shock phenomena have been subjects of continuing interest, speculation, and enquiry. The interdisciplinary aspects of investigations of shock phenomena are especially noteworthy, and these investigations have been pursued by scien­ tists and engineers from a broad range of disciplines. Among the more novel and interesting investigations are those motivated by problems that arise in the Earth and planetary sciences. Such events as meteorite impacts produce the obvious cratering effects seen on the planets and their sat­ ellites. More subtle effects become apparent upon chemical and petrographic examination of the shock-compressed solid material. Shock waves are also prevalent in the larger universe, and have played a prominent role in shaping the solar system as we know it. The material in interstellar gas and dust clouds, comets, etc. , is processed by shock waves, producing important chemical effects, including formation of complex organic molecules. The process of accretion of planets involves impacts of dust particles at relative velocities ranging from a fraction of a millimeter per second to impacts of larger bodies at velocities as great as several tens of kilometers per second. The resulting shock waves cause both chemical and physical changes that are manifest in the bodies involved.

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The shock waves produced by meteorite impacts give rise not only to the obvious craters seen on planets and their satellites but also to subtle effects seen only with chemical and petrographic examination of the shocked material. Shock waves in the interplanetary and interstellar medium play an important role in the formation of stars and planets, including the solar system. They also produce important chemical effects in interstellar clouds of dust and gas, including the production of rather complex organic molecules. This volume is concerned primarily with the chemical and physical effects of shock waves on typical Earth and planetary solid materials. The emphasis is on comparing naturally occurring materials with similar materials produced by shock compression in the laboratory. Such comparisons can provide clues about the environment and events that produced the natural materials. The chapters in the book deal with three main topics:
- methods used to investigate the effects of shock on recovered minerals and rocks
- effects of shock on carbon and hydrocarbons
- subtle effects of shocks on geochemistry, such as shock induced redistribution of lead isotopes, the effect of the great impact at the end of the Cretaceous on atmospheric SO2 and CO2, and effect of shocks on ices.

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The shock waves produced by meteorite impacts give rise not only to the obvious craters seen on planets and their satellites but also to subtle effects seen only with chemical and petrographic examination of the shocked material. Shock waves in the interplanetary and interstellar medium play an important role in the formation of stars and planets, including the solar system. They also produce important chemical effects in interstellar clouds of dust and gas, including the production of rather complex organic molecules. This volume is concerned primarily with the chemical and physical effects of shock waves on typical Earth and planetary solid materials. The emphasis is on comparing naturally occurring materials with similar materials produced by shock compression in the laboratory. Such comparisons can provide clues about the environment and events that produced the natural materials. The chapters in the book deal with three main topics:
- methods used to investigate the effects of shock on recovered minerals and rocks
- effects of shock on carbon and hydrocarbons
- subtle effects of shocks on geochemistry, such as shock induced redistribution of lead isotopes, the effect of the great impact at the end of the Cretaceous on atmospheric SO2 and CO2, and effect of shocks on ices.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xvi
Experimental Techniques for the Simulation of Shock Metamorphism: A Case Study on Calcite....Pages 1-27
Shock Experiments on a Preheated Basaltic Eucrite....Pages 29-45
Structural Evolution of Quartz and Feldspar Crystals and their Glasses by Shock Compression....Pages 47-74
Shock Reactions of Carbon-Bearing Materials and Their Cosmochemical Significance....Pages 75-116
Shock-Induced Phase Transitions in Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite....Pages 117-138
Shock Wave Chemistry and Ultrafine Diamond from Explosives in China....Pages 139-162
Redistribution of Radiogenic Lead in Plagioclase during Shock Metamorphism....Pages 163-179
Terrestrial Acidification at the K/T Boundary....Pages 181-197
Impact Processes of Ice in the Solar System....Pages 199-231
Back Matter....Pages 233-248

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The shock waves produced by meteorite impacts give rise not only to the obvious craters seen on planets and their satellites but also to subtle effects seen only with chemical and petrographic examination of the shocked material. Shock waves in the interplanetary and interstellar medium play an important role in the formation of stars and planets, including the solar system. They also produce important chemical effects in interstellar clouds of dust and gas, including the production of rather complex organic molecules. This volume is concerned primarily with the chemical and physical effects of shock waves on typical Earth and planetary solid materials. The emphasis is on comparing naturally occurring materials with similar materials produced by shock compression in the laboratory. Such comparisons can provide clues about the environment and events that produced the natural materials. The chapters in the book deal with three main topics:
- methods used to investigate the effects of shock on recovered minerals and rocks
- effects of shock on carbon and hydrocarbons
- subtle effects of shocks on geochemistry, such as shock induced redistribution of lead isotopes, the effect of the great impact at the end of the Cretaceous on atmospheric SO2 and CO2, and effect of shocks on ices.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xvi
Experimental Techniques for the Simulation of Shock Metamorphism: A Case Study on Calcite....Pages 1-27
Shock Experiments on a Preheated Basaltic Eucrite....Pages 29-45
Structural Evolution of Quartz and Feldspar Crystals and their Glasses by Shock Compression....Pages 47-74
Shock Reactions of Carbon-Bearing Materials and Their Cosmochemical Significance....Pages 75-116
Shock-Induced Phase Transitions in Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite....Pages 117-138
Shock Wave Chemistry and Ultrafine Diamond from Explosives in China....Pages 139-162
Redistribution of Radiogenic Lead in Plagioclase during Shock Metamorphism....Pages 163-179
Terrestrial Acidification at the K/T Boundary....Pages 181-197
Impact Processes of Ice in the Solar System....Pages 199-231
Back Matter....Pages 233-248
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