Ebook: Uniting Electron Crystallography and Powder Diffraction
- Tags: Crystallography, Characterization and Evaluation of Materials, Materials Science general
- Series: NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics
- Year: 2012
- Publisher: Springer Netherlands
- Edition: 1
- Language: English
- pdf
The polycrystalline and nanocrystalline states play an increasingly important role in exploiting the properties of materials, encompassing applications as diverse as pharmaceuticals, catalysts, solar cells and energy storage. A knowledge of the three-dimensional atomic and molecular structure of materials is essential for understanding and controlling their properties, yet traditional single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods lose their power when only polycrystalline and nanocrystalline samples are available. It is here that powder diffraction and single-crystal electron diffraction techniques take over, substantially extending the range of applicability of the crystallographic principles of structure determination.
This volume, a collection of teaching contributions presented at the Crystallographic Course in Erice in 2011, clearly describes the fundamentals and the state-of-the-art of powder diffraction and electron diffraction methods in materials characterisation, encompassing a diverse range of disciplines and materials stretching from archeometry to zeolites. As such, it is a comprehensive and valuable resource for those wishing to gain an understanding of the broad applicability of these two rapidly developing fields.
The polycrystalline and nanocrystalline states play an increasingly important role in exploiting the properties of materials, encompassing applications as diverse as pharmaceuticals, catalysts, solar cells and energy storage. A knowledge of the three-dimensional atomic and molecular structure of materials is essential for understanding and controlling their properties, yet traditional single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods lose their power when only polycrystalline and nanocrystalline samples are available. It is here that powder diffraction and single-crystal electron diffraction techniques take over, substantially extending the range of applicability of the crystallographic principles of structure determination.
This volume, a collection of teaching contributions presented at the Crystallographic Course in Erice in 2011, clearly describes the fundamentals and the state-of-the-art of powder diffraction and electron diffraction methods in materials characterisation, encompassing a diverse range of disciplines and materials stretching from archeometry to zeolites. As such, it is a comprehensive and valuable resource for those wishing to gain an understanding of the broad applicability of these two rapidly developing fields.
The polycrystalline and nanocrystalline states play an increasingly important role in exploiting the properties of materials, encompassing applications as diverse as pharmaceuticals, catalysts, solar cells and energy storage. A knowledge of the three-dimensional atomic and molecular structure of materials is essential for understanding and controlling their properties, yet traditional single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods lose their power when only polycrystalline and nanocrystalline samples are available. It is here that powder diffraction and single-crystal electron diffraction techniques take over, substantially extending the range of applicability of the crystallographic principles of structure determination.
This volume, a collection of teaching contributions presented at the Crystallographic Course in Erice in 2011, clearly describes the fundamentals and the state-of-the-art of powder diffraction and electron diffraction methods in materials characterisation, encompassing a diverse range of disciplines and materials stretching from archeometry to zeolites. As such, it is a comprehensive and valuable resource for those wishing to gain an understanding of the broad applicability of these two rapidly developing fields.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Powder Diffraction: By Decades....Pages 3-14
Rietveld Refinement....Pages 15-26
Structure Solution – An Overview....Pages 27-33
Inorganic Materials....Pages 35-44
Organic Compounds....Pages 45-52
Laboratory X-ray Powder Diffraction....Pages 53-63
Synchrotron X-Ray Powder Diffraction....Pages 65-82
Ultrafast Powder Diffraction....Pages 83-93
Taking It to Extremes – Powder Diffraction Under Non-Ambient Conditions....Pages 95-103
Structure Solution by Charge Flipping....Pages 105-116
Structure Solution: Global Optimisation Methods....Pages 117-124
Proteins and Powders: Technical Developments....Pages 125-135
Proteins and Powders: An Overview....Pages 137-147
Parametric Powder Diffraction....Pages 149-163
Powder Diffraction+Computational Methods....Pages 165-172
Information on Imperfections....Pages 173-182
Pair Distribution Function Technique: Principles and Methods....Pages 183-193
Debye Analysis....Pages 195-205
Quantitative Phase Analysis....Pages 207-218
Quantifying Amorphous Phases....Pages 219-231
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Quantitative Phase Analysis: Method Developments....Pages 233-242
Texture – An Overview....Pages 243-250
The Future of Powder Diffraction Is 2-D....Pages 251-257
Front Matter....Pages 259-259
Electron Crystallography – New Methods to Explore Structure and Properties of the Nano World....Pages 261-270
Image Formation in the Electron Microscope....Pages 271-279
Models for Precession Electron Diffraction....Pages 281-291
Structure Solution Using HRTEM....Pages 293-301
Combination of X-ray Powder Diffraction, Electron Diffraction and HRTEM Data....Pages 303-314
Automated Electron Diffraction Tomography....Pages 315-326
Automated Quantitative 3D Electron Diffraction Rotation Tomography....Pages 327-335
Introduction to ADT/ADT3D....Pages 337-347
Electrostatic Potential Determined from Electron Diffraction Data....Pages 349-357
Domino Phase Retrieval Algorithm for Structure Solution....Pages 359-368
LARBED: Exploring the Fourth Dimension in Electron Diffraction....Pages 369-379
Shadow Imaging for Charge Distribution Analysis....Pages 381-388
Electron Diffraction of Protein 3D Nanocrystals....Pages 389-398
Parallel-Beam Diffraction and Direct Imaging in an Aberration-Corrected STEM....Pages 399-408
Electron Diffraction of Commensurately and Incommensurately Modulated Materials....Pages 409-417
Detection of Magnetic Circular Dichroism Using TEM and EELS....Pages 419-427
Back Matter....Pages 429-434
The polycrystalline and nanocrystalline states play an increasingly important role in exploiting the properties of materials, encompassing applications as diverse as pharmaceuticals, catalysts, solar cells and energy storage. A knowledge of the three-dimensional atomic and molecular structure of materials is essential for understanding and controlling their properties, yet traditional single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods lose their power when only polycrystalline and nanocrystalline samples are available. It is here that powder diffraction and single-crystal electron diffraction techniques take over, substantially extending the range of applicability of the crystallographic principles of structure determination.
This volume, a collection of teaching contributions presented at the Crystallographic Course in Erice in 2011, clearly describes the fundamentals and the state-of-the-art of powder diffraction and electron diffraction methods in materials characterisation, encompassing a diverse range of disciplines and materials stretching from archeometry to zeolites. As such, it is a comprehensive and valuable resource for those wishing to gain an understanding of the broad applicability of these two rapidly developing fields.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Powder Diffraction: By Decades....Pages 3-14
Rietveld Refinement....Pages 15-26
Structure Solution – An Overview....Pages 27-33
Inorganic Materials....Pages 35-44
Organic Compounds....Pages 45-52
Laboratory X-ray Powder Diffraction....Pages 53-63
Synchrotron X-Ray Powder Diffraction....Pages 65-82
Ultrafast Powder Diffraction....Pages 83-93
Taking It to Extremes – Powder Diffraction Under Non-Ambient Conditions....Pages 95-103
Structure Solution by Charge Flipping....Pages 105-116
Structure Solution: Global Optimisation Methods....Pages 117-124
Proteins and Powders: Technical Developments....Pages 125-135
Proteins and Powders: An Overview....Pages 137-147
Parametric Powder Diffraction....Pages 149-163
Powder Diffraction+Computational Methods....Pages 165-172
Information on Imperfections....Pages 173-182
Pair Distribution Function Technique: Principles and Methods....Pages 183-193
Debye Analysis....Pages 195-205
Quantitative Phase Analysis....Pages 207-218
Quantifying Amorphous Phases....Pages 219-231
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Quantitative Phase Analysis: Method Developments....Pages 233-242
Texture – An Overview....Pages 243-250
The Future of Powder Diffraction Is 2-D....Pages 251-257
Front Matter....Pages 259-259
Electron Crystallography – New Methods to Explore Structure and Properties of the Nano World....Pages 261-270
Image Formation in the Electron Microscope....Pages 271-279
Models for Precession Electron Diffraction....Pages 281-291
Structure Solution Using HRTEM....Pages 293-301
Combination of X-ray Powder Diffraction, Electron Diffraction and HRTEM Data....Pages 303-314
Automated Electron Diffraction Tomography....Pages 315-326
Automated Quantitative 3D Electron Diffraction Rotation Tomography....Pages 327-335
Introduction to ADT/ADT3D....Pages 337-347
Electrostatic Potential Determined from Electron Diffraction Data....Pages 349-357
Domino Phase Retrieval Algorithm for Structure Solution....Pages 359-368
LARBED: Exploring the Fourth Dimension in Electron Diffraction....Pages 369-379
Shadow Imaging for Charge Distribution Analysis....Pages 381-388
Electron Diffraction of Protein 3D Nanocrystals....Pages 389-398
Parallel-Beam Diffraction and Direct Imaging in an Aberration-Corrected STEM....Pages 399-408
Electron Diffraction of Commensurately and Incommensurately Modulated Materials....Pages 409-417
Detection of Magnetic Circular Dichroism Using TEM and EELS....Pages 419-427
Back Matter....Pages 429-434
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