Ebook: Metastable Systems under Pressure

recently discovered advantages of amorphous forms of medicines/pharmaceutical products which focused a significant part of industry-related efforts on the GFA (Glass Forming Ability) and the glass temperature (T) versus pressure g dependences. 1 b ? 0 ? ? o ? P ? Pg P ? Pg 0 ? ? ? ? T (P ) = F (P )D (P ) =T 1 + exp ? g g ? 0 ? ? ? ? c + Pg ? ? ? ? 400 1 b 0 o ? ? ? ? P ? P P ? P g g 0 ? ? ? ? T (P ) = F (P )D (P ) =T 1 + exp ? g g 0 ? ? ? ? c ? + P max g ? ? ? ? T ~7 GPa g max P ~ 304 K Liquid g 300 1 HS glass 0 200 -1 mSG ?=0. 044 Liquid -2 100 -3 glass ?=0. 12 -1. 2 -0. 9 -0. 6 -0. 3 0. 0 log T 10 scaled -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 P (GPa) g 19 Figure 1. T he pressure evolution of the glass temperature in gl Th ye s cerol ol . id curve shows the parameterization of experimental data via the novel, modifie d Glat Sizm elon type equation, given in the Figure.

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The fundamental insight and the technological & environmental relevance of metastable systems have given a strong impetus from the last decade development of extreme pressures experimental techniques, from the GPa region to the challenging negative pressures domain. The ultimate verification of theoretical models and reliable equations for portraying basic properties for such systems seems to be possible only when including temperature and pressure paths. This volume presents a set of papers related to novel findings on the glass transition phenomenon, phase transitions in liquid crystals, critical mixtures, bioliquids, geophysical system which can reveal surprising "secret" features only when using extreme pressures. This can be illustrated by the link between colloidal and molecular glassformers, the universal onset of the non-trivial dynamics in glasses, demistification of the secondary relaxation or novel findings associated with liquid - liquid near critical transitions in critical mixture, liquid crystals and in one component liquid, including water Particularly noteworthy is the emerging possibility of applications in geophysical and environment- relevant system as well as in technological application from material engineering, pharmacy industry, to biotechnology.

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The fundamental insight and the technological & environmental relevance of metastable systems have given a strong impetus from the last decade development of extreme pressures experimental techniques, from the GPa region to the challenging negative pressures domain. The ultimate verification of theoretical models and reliable equations for portraying basic properties for such systems seems to be possible only when including temperature and pressure paths. This volume presents a set of papers related to novel findings on the glass transition phenomenon, phase transitions in liquid crystals, critical mixtures, bioliquids, geophysical system which can reveal surprising "secret" features only when using extreme pressures. This can be illustrated by the link between colloidal and molecular glassformers, the universal onset of the non-trivial dynamics in glasses, demistification of the secondary relaxation or novel findings associated with liquid - liquid near critical transitions in critical mixture, liquid crystals and in one component liquid, including water Particularly noteworthy is the emerging possibility of applications in geophysical and environment- relevant system as well as in technological application from material engineering, pharmacy industry, to biotechnology.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xviii
The Nature of Glass: Somethings Are Clear....Pages 3-30
The Link Between the Pressure Evolution of the Glass Temperature in Colloidal and Molecular Glass Formers....Pages 31-37
Evidences of a Common Scaling Under Cooling and Compression for Slow and Fast Relaxations: Relevance of Local Modes for the Glass Transition....Pages 39-52
Reorientational Relaxation Time at the Onset of Intermolecular Cooperativity....Pages 53-61
Neutron Diffraction as a Tool to Explore the Free Energy Landscape in Orientationally Disordered Phases....Pages 63-77
A Procedure to Quantify the Short Range Order of Disordered Phases....Pages 79-91
Consistency of the Vogel — Fulcher — Tammann (VFT) Equations For The Temperature-, Pressure-, Volume-and Density- Related Evolutions of Dynamic Properties in Supercooled and Superpressed Glass Forming Liquids/Systems....Pages 93-106
Stability and Metastability in Nematic Glasses: a Computational Study....Pages 109-124
Phase Ordering in Mixtures of Liquid Crystals and Nanoparticles....Pages 125-139
Anomalous Decoupling of the dc Conductivity and the Structural Relaxation Time in the Isotropic Phase of a Rod-Like Liquid Crystalline Compound....Pages 141-149
An Optical Brillouin Study of a Re-Entrant Binary Liquid Mixture....Pages 153-166
New Proposals for Supercritical Fluids Applications....Pages 167-179
2D and 3D Quantum Rotors in a Crystal Field: Critical Points, Metastability, and Reentrance....Pages 181-194
Metastable Water Under Pressure....Pages 197-216
Critical Lines in Binary Mixtures of Components with Multiple Critical Points....Pages 217-232
About the Shape of the Melting Line as a Possible Precursor of a Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition....Pages 233-236
Disorder Parameter, Asymmetry and Quasibinodal of Water at Negative Pressures....Pages 237-252
Experimental Investigations of Superheated and Supercooled Water (Review of Papers of the School of the Academician V. P. Skripov)....Pages 253-270
Estimation of the Explosive Boiling Limit of Metastable Liquids....Pages 271-278
Lifetime of Superheated Water in a Micrometric Synthetic Fluid Inclusion....Pages 279-292
Explosive Properties of Superheated Aqueous Solutions in Volcanic and Hydrothermal Systems....Pages 293-310
Vapour Nucleation in Metastable Water and Solutions by Synthetic Fluid Inclusion Method....Pages 311-322
Method of Controlled Pulse Heating: Applications for Complex Fluids and Pol Ymers....Pages 323-335
Collective Self-Diffusion in Simple Liquids Under Pressure....Pages 339-348
Thermal Conductivity of Metastable States of Simple Alcohols....Pages 349-358
Transformation of the Strongly Hydrogen Bonded System into van der Waals one Reflected in Molecular Dynamics....Pages 359-376
Effects of Pressure on Stability of Biomolecules in Solutions Studied by Neutron Scattering....Pages 377-388
Generalized Gibbs' Thermodynamics and Nucleation-Growth Phenomena....Pages 389-402
Self-Assembling of the Metastable Globular Defects in Superheated Fluorite-Like Crystals....Pages 403-410
Study of Metastable States of the Precipitates in Reactor Steels Under Neutron Irradiation....Pages 411-418
Dynamics of Systems for Monitoring of Environment....Pages 419-430

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The fundamental insight and the technological & environmental relevance of metastable systems have given a strong impetus from the last decade development of extreme pressures experimental techniques, from the GPa region to the challenging negative pressures domain. The ultimate verification of theoretical models and reliable equations for portraying basic properties for such systems seems to be possible only when including temperature and pressure paths. This volume presents a set of papers related to novel findings on the glass transition phenomenon, phase transitions in liquid crystals, critical mixtures, bioliquids, geophysical system which can reveal surprising "secret" features only when using extreme pressures. This can be illustrated by the link between colloidal and molecular glassformers, the universal onset of the non-trivial dynamics in glasses, demistification of the secondary relaxation or novel findings associated with liquid - liquid near critical transitions in critical mixture, liquid crystals and in one component liquid, including water Particularly noteworthy is the emerging possibility of applications in geophysical and environment- relevant system as well as in technological application from material engineering, pharmacy industry, to biotechnology.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xviii
The Nature of Glass: Somethings Are Clear....Pages 3-30
The Link Between the Pressure Evolution of the Glass Temperature in Colloidal and Molecular Glass Formers....Pages 31-37
Evidences of a Common Scaling Under Cooling and Compression for Slow and Fast Relaxations: Relevance of Local Modes for the Glass Transition....Pages 39-52
Reorientational Relaxation Time at the Onset of Intermolecular Cooperativity....Pages 53-61
Neutron Diffraction as a Tool to Explore the Free Energy Landscape in Orientationally Disordered Phases....Pages 63-77
A Procedure to Quantify the Short Range Order of Disordered Phases....Pages 79-91
Consistency of the Vogel — Fulcher — Tammann (VFT) Equations For The Temperature-, Pressure-, Volume-and Density- Related Evolutions of Dynamic Properties in Supercooled and Superpressed Glass Forming Liquids/Systems....Pages 93-106
Stability and Metastability in Nematic Glasses: a Computational Study....Pages 109-124
Phase Ordering in Mixtures of Liquid Crystals and Nanoparticles....Pages 125-139
Anomalous Decoupling of the dc Conductivity and the Structural Relaxation Time in the Isotropic Phase of a Rod-Like Liquid Crystalline Compound....Pages 141-149
An Optical Brillouin Study of a Re-Entrant Binary Liquid Mixture....Pages 153-166
New Proposals for Supercritical Fluids Applications....Pages 167-179
2D and 3D Quantum Rotors in a Crystal Field: Critical Points, Metastability, and Reentrance....Pages 181-194
Metastable Water Under Pressure....Pages 197-216
Critical Lines in Binary Mixtures of Components with Multiple Critical Points....Pages 217-232
About the Shape of the Melting Line as a Possible Precursor of a Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition....Pages 233-236
Disorder Parameter, Asymmetry and Quasibinodal of Water at Negative Pressures....Pages 237-252
Experimental Investigations of Superheated and Supercooled Water (Review of Papers of the School of the Academician V. P. Skripov)....Pages 253-270
Estimation of the Explosive Boiling Limit of Metastable Liquids....Pages 271-278
Lifetime of Superheated Water in a Micrometric Synthetic Fluid Inclusion....Pages 279-292
Explosive Properties of Superheated Aqueous Solutions in Volcanic and Hydrothermal Systems....Pages 293-310
Vapour Nucleation in Metastable Water and Solutions by Synthetic Fluid Inclusion Method....Pages 311-322
Method of Controlled Pulse Heating: Applications for Complex Fluids and Pol Ymers....Pages 323-335
Collective Self-Diffusion in Simple Liquids Under Pressure....Pages 339-348
Thermal Conductivity of Metastable States of Simple Alcohols....Pages 349-358
Transformation of the Strongly Hydrogen Bonded System into van der Waals one Reflected in Molecular Dynamics....Pages 359-376
Effects of Pressure on Stability of Biomolecules in Solutions Studied by Neutron Scattering....Pages 377-388
Generalized Gibbs' Thermodynamics and Nucleation-Growth Phenomena....Pages 389-402
Self-Assembling of the Metastable Globular Defects in Superheated Fluorite-Like Crystals....Pages 403-410
Study of Metastable States of the Precipitates in Reactor Steels Under Neutron Irradiation....Pages 411-418
Dynamics of Systems for Monitoring of Environment....Pages 419-430
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