Ebook: 3D Geo-Information Sciences

In recent years 3D geo-information has become an important research area due to the increased complexity of tasks in many geo-scientific applications, such as sustainable urban planning and development, civil engineering, risk and disaster management and environmental monitoring. Moreover, a paradigm of cross-application merging and integrating of 3D data is observed. The problems and challenges facing today’s 3D software, generally application-oriented, focus almost exclusively on 3D data transportability issues – the ability to use data originally developed in one modelling/visualisation system in other and vice versa. Tools for elaborated 3D analysis, simulation and prediction are either missing or, when available, dedicated to specific tasks. In order to respond to this increased demand, a new type of system has to be developed. A fully developed 3D geo-information system should be able to manage 3D geometry and topology, to integrate 3D geometry and thematic information, to analyze both spatial and topological relationships, and to present the data in a suitable form. In addition to the simple geometry types like point line and polygon, a large variety of parametric representations, freeform curves and surfaces or sweep shapes have to be supported. Approaches for seamless conversion between 3D raster and 3D vector representations should be available, they should allow analysis of a representation most suitable for a specific application.

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The book contains papers that focus explicitly on the last achievements (methods, algorithms, models, systems) with respect to the Third Dimension. Motivated by the rapid developments in 3D, the organised workshop aims at attracting the best world-wide research in the following areas: 3D geo information requirements (based on analysis of applications), 3D data acquisition and processing (LiDAR, Photogrammetry), 3D object reconstruction, 3D spatial data models (vector, voxel, CSG, tetrahedrons, curved surfaces, etc.), 3D GIS and time, 3D in spatial databases, 3D topology and network, 3D visualization, Augmented and Virtual Reality, 3D spatial analysis and simulation, 3D Indoor/Outdoor Navigation, 3D and levels of detail (scale/resolution), 3D City Model and Building Model (outdoor and indoor integration), 3D applications (3D cadastre, 3D utilities, 3D city and urban planning modeling, etc. ), 3D standards.

The papers are organized in three parts as follows: Data acquisition and processing: advanced approaches for 3D data collection, processing and methods for real-time data acquisition - Data modelling and management: topological, geometrical and network models for representation and maintenance of 3D geo-information in geographical multi-scales - Data analysis and visualization: frameworks for representing 3D spatial relationships, 3D spatial analysis and algorithms for indoor/outdoor navigation, interpolation, etc. Advanced Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality visualization.

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The book contains papers that focus explicitly on the last achievements (methods, algorithms, models, systems) with respect to the Third Dimension. Motivated by the rapid developments in 3D, the organised workshop aims at attracting the best world-wide research in the following areas: 3D geo information requirements (based on analysis of applications), 3D data acquisition and processing (LiDAR, Photogrammetry), 3D object reconstruction, 3D spatial data models (vector, voxel, CSG, tetrahedrons, curved surfaces, etc.), 3D GIS and time, 3D in spatial databases, 3D topology and network, 3D visualization, Augmented and Virtual Reality, 3D spatial analysis and simulation, 3D Indoor/Outdoor Navigation, 3D and levels of detail (scale/resolution), 3D City Model and Building Model (outdoor and indoor integration), 3D applications (3D cadastre, 3D utilities, 3D city and urban planning modeling, etc. ), 3D standards.

The papers are organized in three parts as follows: Data acquisition and processing: advanced approaches for 3D data collection, processing and methods for real-time data acquisition - Data modelling and management: topological, geometrical and network models for representation and maintenance of 3D geo-information in geographical multi-scales - Data analysis and visualization: frameworks for representing 3D spatial relationships, 3D spatial analysis and algorithms for indoor/outdoor navigation, interpolation, etc. Advanced Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality visualization.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XVII
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
A Virtual Geographic Environment for a Simulation of Air Pollution Dispersion in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) Region....Pages 3-13
Representing and Exchanging 3D City Models with CityGML....Pages 15-31
Research and Development Program for the Third National Geographic Information System Project in Korea: Korean Land Spatialization Program....Pages 33-44
Front Matter....Pages 45-45
Construction Operators for Modelling 3D Objects and Dual Navigation Structures....Pages 47-59
A Multilayered Space-Event Model for Navigation in Indoor Spaces....Pages 61-77
Towards Defining a Framework for Automatic Generation of Buildings in CityGML Using Building Information Models....Pages 79-96
Managed Objects for Infrastructure Data....Pages 97-107
Integrating Terrain Surface and Street Network for 3D Routing....Pages 109-126
Using a B-Rep Structure to Query 9-Intersection Topological Relationships in 3D GIS – Reviewing the Approach and Improving Performance....Pages 127-151
Query Processing in 3D Spatial Databases: Experiences with Oracle Spatial 11g....Pages 153-173
Making Interoperability Persistent: A 3D Geo Database Based on CityGML....Pages 175-192
Use of Finite Arithmetic in 3D Spatial Databases....Pages 193-212
Automatic Digital Aerial Image Resection Controlled by LIDAR Data....Pages 213-234
Automatic Surface Patch Generation from a Video Image Sequence....Pages 235-246
Indoor 3D Modeling and Visualization with a 3D Terrestrial Laser Scanner....Pages 247-255
Automatic Image Mosaic-Building Algorithm for Generating Facade Textures....Pages 257-269
3D Continuous K-NN Query for a Landmark-based Wayfinding Location-based Service....Pages 271-282
3D Geo-Network for Agent-based Building Evacuation Simulation....Pages 283-299
Hierarchical Modelling of Multi-Geospatial Databases as Basis for Geo-Oriented 3D Analysis Capabilities....Pages 301-318
Front Matter....Pages 319-340
Creation and Error Analysis of High Resolution DEM Based on Source Data Sets of Various Accuracy....Pages 45-45
A Topological Analysis Method for 3D Geo-Entities Structured as Hexahedron Tessellations....Pages 341-353
Constraint-based Generation and Visualization of 3D City Models....Pages 355-364
GeoVEs as Tools to Communicate in Urban Projects: Requirements for Functionality and Visualization....Pages 365-378
Producing 3D Applications for Urban Planning by Integrating 3D Scanned Building Data with Geo-spatial Data....Pages 379-395
3D Dynamic Simulation and Visualization for GIS-based Infiltration Excess Overland Flow Modelling....Pages 397-412
Back Matter....Pages 413-430
....Pages 431-435