Ebook: Sensors for Environment, Health and Security: Advanced Materials and Technologies

The NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Sensors for Environment, Health and Security: Advanced Materials and Technology” was held in Vichy (France) on September 16–27, 2007 where more than 65 participants, ranging from Ph. D. students to experienced senior scientists, met and exchanged ideas and know-how in a friendly atmosphere. The present book intends to cover the main topics of this NATO ASI through 32 chapters distributed over two parts (Part I: “Materials and Technologies” and Part II: “Applications to Environment, Health and Security”). The scientific programme of the NATO ASI consisted in 28 1-hour lectures given by 14 invited lecturers, 5 additional 1-hour lectures given by seminar speakers, 22 oral presentations by selected ASI participants and a poster session. The programme was divided into four sessions: (1) Advanced materials and technologies; (2) Sensors for environment; (3) Sensors for health; (4) Sensors for security. During the “Advanced Materials and Technologies” session (Part I of the present book), the lectures were dedicated to critical analyses of current methods for the synthesis of materials, nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, …) and nanocomposites to be used for the fabrication of sensing devices, mainly semiconductor sensors. Among the synthesis methods, chemical (sol-gel, etc. ) and physical methods (laser deposition, DC magnetron sputtering, etc. ) were discussed. Several lectures addressed characterization techniques and it was concluded that the physical and chemical control of the materials/nanomaterials, including surface chemistry, remains a key issue for the reproducibility of the final device.

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The growing concern worldwide for air pollution, biological threats and security issues has led to an increasing demand for sensors in multiple application areas, thus calling for a fast development of small, reliable, inexpensive sensors which can be easily integrated in various devices and equipments. Research efforts worldwide span diverse areas, including new materials such as nanotubes and nanofibers, miniaturization of electronics through nanotechnology, or integration of several sensors in artificial noses, to name only a few. Most of the time, the research results reported at international conferences are scattered over different disciplines, such as materials science, electronic engineering, optics and photonics, nanotechnology, biochemistry and medicine, information technology, etc, thus making it difficult to get a clear picture of the advances in the sensing field.

The present book covers the main topics presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Sensors for Environment, Health and Security: Advanced Materials and Technologies” which was held in Vichy (France) on September 16-27, 2007. The book aims at providing the reader with the most recent knowledge in sensing materials and sensor technologies, encompassing different kinds of materials and technologies (semiconductors, photonics, self-assembling, biology, etc). The detection of various analytes or signals (air pollution, biodetection, nuclear detection, etc) finds applications in environmental monitoring, health monitoring and seirity. The underlying physical and chemical phenomena responsible for the detection mechanisms, the most advanced technologies for sensor processing and fabrication, and the future challenges to be taken up are addressed in details by outstanding experts from the European Union, Russia and the USA.

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The growing concern worldwide for air pollution, biological threats and security issues has led to an increasing demand for sensors in multiple application areas, thus calling for a fast development of small, reliable, inexpensive sensors which can be easily integrated in various devices and equipments. Research efforts worldwide span diverse areas, including new materials such as nanotubes and nanofibers, miniaturization of electronics through nanotechnology, or integration of several sensors in artificial noses, to name only a few. Most of the time, the research results reported at international conferences are scattered over different disciplines, such as materials science, electronic engineering, optics and photonics, nanotechnology, biochemistry and medicine, information technology, etc, thus making it difficult to get a clear picture of the advances in the sensing field.

The present book covers the main topics presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Sensors for Environment, Health and Security: Advanced Materials and Technologies” which was held in Vichy (France) on September 16-27, 2007. The book aims at providing the reader with the most recent knowledge in sensing materials and sensor technologies, encompassing different kinds of materials and technologies (semiconductors, photonics, self-assembling, biology, etc). The detection of various analytes or signals (air pollution, biodetection, nuclear detection, etc) finds applications in environmental monitoring, health monitoring and seirity. The underlying physical and chemical phenomena responsible for the detection mechanisms, the most advanced technologies for sensor processing and fabrication, and the future challenges to be taken up are addressed in details by outstanding experts from the European Union, Russia and the USA.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxiii
Metal Oxide Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Characterization in Relation with Gas Sensing Phenomena....Pages 3-30
Spectroscopic Study of the Gas Detection Mechanism by Semiconductor Chemical Sensors....Pages 31-45
Material Growth and Fundamental Material Characterization Techniques....Pages 47-66
Mesoporous Indium Oxide for Gas Sensor Applications....Pages 67-75
Synthesis and Examination of Hexagonal Tungsten Oxide Nanocrystals for Electrochromic and Sensing Applications....Pages 77-91
Tin Oxide from Organo-Metallic Compounds: Material’S Properties and Sensor Characteristics....Pages 93-103
Defect Chemistry of Sensor Materials....Pages 105-123
Light-Induced Generation of Singlet Oxygen in Porous Silicon....Pages 125-139
Selectivity Improvement of Semiconductor Gas Sensors by Filters....Pages 141-157
Systems and Set-ups for Effective Sensing Response Applications....Pages 159-178
Carbon Composite Electrodes Applied for Electrochemical Sensors....Pages 179-189
Photonic Sensors for Health and Environmental Monitoring....Pages 191-203
Sensors Based on Technology “Nano-on-Micro” for Wireless Instruments Preventing Ecological and Industrial Catastrophes....Pages 205-227
Development of a Parallel-Computing Embedded Telemetry System for Voltammetric Microsensor and Biosensor Applications....Pages 229-238
Inductively Coupled Telemetry....Pages 239-252
Biosensors....Pages 255-265
Bacteria Detection — Biosensors....Pages 267-276
Surface Chemistry to Bridge Inorganic Biosensor Surfaces and Biological Materials....Pages 277-294
Singlet Oxygen Generation and Detection for Biomedical Applications....Pages 295-309
Response of Nerve Cell to Inhibitor Recorded by Aluminium-Gallium-Nitride FET....Pages 311-318
Microelectronics-Based Biosensors for the Detection of Proteins and Nucleic Acids....Pages 319-332
Bionano-Microbiology....Pages 333-345
Optical Sensors for Carbon Dioxide and Their Applications....Pages 347-370
Oxygen Indicators in Food Packaging....Pages 371-388
Sensory Conversion Devices....Pages 389-400
Development of Biological Sensors Based on Screen-Printed Electrodes for Environmental Pollution Monitoring....Pages 401-413
Development of Flow Immunosensors for Organic Pollutants....Pages 415-430
Sensors for Monitoring Air Quality in Earth and Space Environments....Pages 431-442
Determination of the Mutagenic Effects of Pollution by AMES and Neural Networks....Pages 443-450
Polyaniline-Based Environmental Gas Sensors....Pages 451-459
Sensor Science for National Security....Pages 461-478
Radiation and Nuclear Materials Detection Research and Development at ORNL....Pages 479-491
Back Matter....Pages 493-497

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The growing concern worldwide for air pollution, biological threats and security issues has led to an increasing demand for sensors in multiple application areas, thus calling for a fast development of small, reliable, inexpensive sensors which can be easily integrated in various devices and equipments. Research efforts worldwide span diverse areas, including new materials such as nanotubes and nanofibers, miniaturization of electronics through nanotechnology, or integration of several sensors in artificial noses, to name only a few. Most of the time, the research results reported at international conferences are scattered over different disciplines, such as materials science, electronic engineering, optics and photonics, nanotechnology, biochemistry and medicine, information technology, etc, thus making it difficult to get a clear picture of the advances in the sensing field.

The present book covers the main topics presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Sensors for Environment, Health and Security: Advanced Materials and Technologies” which was held in Vichy (France) on September 16-27, 2007. The book aims at providing the reader with the most recent knowledge in sensing materials and sensor technologies, encompassing different kinds of materials and technologies (semiconductors, photonics, self-assembling, biology, etc). The detection of various analytes or signals (air pollution, biodetection, nuclear detection, etc) finds applications in environmental monitoring, health monitoring and seirity. The underlying physical and chemical phenomena responsible for the detection mechanisms, the most advanced technologies for sensor processing and fabrication, and the future challenges to be taken up are addressed in details by outstanding experts from the European Union, Russia and the USA.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxiii
Metal Oxide Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Characterization in Relation with Gas Sensing Phenomena....Pages 3-30
Spectroscopic Study of the Gas Detection Mechanism by Semiconductor Chemical Sensors....Pages 31-45
Material Growth and Fundamental Material Characterization Techniques....Pages 47-66
Mesoporous Indium Oxide for Gas Sensor Applications....Pages 67-75
Synthesis and Examination of Hexagonal Tungsten Oxide Nanocrystals for Electrochromic and Sensing Applications....Pages 77-91
Tin Oxide from Organo-Metallic Compounds: Material’S Properties and Sensor Characteristics....Pages 93-103
Defect Chemistry of Sensor Materials....Pages 105-123
Light-Induced Generation of Singlet Oxygen in Porous Silicon....Pages 125-139
Selectivity Improvement of Semiconductor Gas Sensors by Filters....Pages 141-157
Systems and Set-ups for Effective Sensing Response Applications....Pages 159-178
Carbon Composite Electrodes Applied for Electrochemical Sensors....Pages 179-189
Photonic Sensors for Health and Environmental Monitoring....Pages 191-203
Sensors Based on Technology “Nano-on-Micro” for Wireless Instruments Preventing Ecological and Industrial Catastrophes....Pages 205-227
Development of a Parallel-Computing Embedded Telemetry System for Voltammetric Microsensor and Biosensor Applications....Pages 229-238
Inductively Coupled Telemetry....Pages 239-252
Biosensors....Pages 255-265
Bacteria Detection — Biosensors....Pages 267-276
Surface Chemistry to Bridge Inorganic Biosensor Surfaces and Biological Materials....Pages 277-294
Singlet Oxygen Generation and Detection for Biomedical Applications....Pages 295-309
Response of Nerve Cell to Inhibitor Recorded by Aluminium-Gallium-Nitride FET....Pages 311-318
Microelectronics-Based Biosensors for the Detection of Proteins and Nucleic Acids....Pages 319-332
Bionano-Microbiology....Pages 333-345
Optical Sensors for Carbon Dioxide and Their Applications....Pages 347-370
Oxygen Indicators in Food Packaging....Pages 371-388
Sensory Conversion Devices....Pages 389-400
Development of Biological Sensors Based on Screen-Printed Electrodes for Environmental Pollution Monitoring....Pages 401-413
Development of Flow Immunosensors for Organic Pollutants....Pages 415-430
Sensors for Monitoring Air Quality in Earth and Space Environments....Pages 431-442
Determination of the Mutagenic Effects of Pollution by AMES and Neural Networks....Pages 443-450
Polyaniline-Based Environmental Gas Sensors....Pages 451-459
Sensor Science for National Security....Pages 461-478
Radiation and Nuclear Materials Detection Research and Development at ORNL....Pages 479-491
Back Matter....Pages 493-497
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