Ebook: Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean Energy Hydrogen Systems

The 2007 ARW “Using Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean-Energy Hydrogen Systems” (UCNCEHS’2007) was held in September 22–28, 2007 in the remarkable town Sudak (Crimea, Ukraine) known for its heroic and unusual fate. In the tradition of the earlier conferences, UCNCEHS’2007 meeting served as an multidisciplinary forum for the presentation and discussion of the most recent research on transition to hydrogen-based energy systems, technologies for hydrogen production, storage, utilization, carbon nanomaterials processing and chemical behavior, energy and environmental problems. The aim of UCNCEHS’2007 was to provide the wide overview of the latest scientific results on basic research and technological applications of hydrogen interactions with carbon materials. The active representatives from research/academic organizations and governmental agencies could meet, discuss and present the most recent advances in hydrogen concepts, processes and systems, to evaluate current progress and to exchange academic information, to identify research needs and future development in this important area. This ARW should help further the progress of hydrogen-based science and promote the role of hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials in the energy field.

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The energy arteries of the corporate body of mankind are still fed mainly by fossil fuels; but they are in danger of running dry soon unless new energy sources are made available.

One of the most important as well as the most ecologically pure power source is hydrogen, that constitutes the heart of hydrogen power engineering and considered as a future alternative to fossil power sources.

The chemistry of carbon nanomaterials and hydrogen materials science will play an important role in hastening the conversion to the Hydrogen Energy System.

In this connection the research and application of materials capable of interacting actively with hydrogen, its accumulating and storing will be of the utmost significance. This is of particular actuality for creation of mobile energy sources both for mobile telephones and for hybrid electric cars that are developed by all large car manufacturers of the world. In this connection the hydrogen capacity of carbon nanostructural materials, such as fullerenes, nanotubes, nanofibers and other nanostructures, has aroused a special interest of researchers.

Hydriding metals, alloys, nanocarbon and composite materials can store hydrogen safely at relatively low pressures and temperatures. Very many other applications are also possible - such as heating and cooling, waste heat storage, pumping, pressurizing, heat-pumping, hydrogen purifying, deuterium separation, electricity production, etc.

As a source of 'clean' energy, hydrogen is also going to be the permanent answer to another global problem caused by utilization of fossil fuels, such as the greenhouse effect, climate change, acid rains, ozone layer depletion, pollution and oil spills.

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The energy arteries of the corporate body of mankind are still fed mainly by fossil fuels; but they are in danger of running dry soon unless new energy sources are made available.

One of the most important as well as the most ecologically pure power source is hydrogen, that constitutes the heart of hydrogen power engineering and considered as a future alternative to fossil power sources.

The chemistry of carbon nanomaterials and hydrogen materials science will play an important role in hastening the conversion to the Hydrogen Energy System.

In this connection the research and application of materials capable of interacting actively with hydrogen, its accumulating and storing will be of the utmost significance. This is of particular actuality for creation of mobile energy sources both for mobile telephones and for hybrid electric cars that are developed by all large car manufacturers of the world. In this connection the hydrogen capacity of carbon nanostructural materials, such as fullerenes, nanotubes, nanofibers and other nanostructures, has aroused a special interest of researchers.

Hydriding metals, alloys, nanocarbon and composite materials can store hydrogen safely at relatively low pressures and temperatures. Very many other applications are also possible - such as heating and cooling, waste heat storage, pumping, pressurizing, heat-pumping, hydrogen purifying, deuterium separation, electricity production, etc.

As a source of 'clean' energy, hydrogen is also going to be the permanent answer to another global problem caused by utilization of fossil fuels, such as the greenhouse effect, climate change, acid rains, ozone layer depletion, pollution and oil spills.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxxiii
Saga of Hydrogen Civilization....Pages 1-6
A Sight at the Future of Science and Technics....Pages 7-23
Search and Development of New Materials for Hydrogen Storage in the Connected State....Pages 25-28
Hydrogen Technology for Porous Metals (Gasars) Production....Pages 29-51
The Forming Peculiarities of C60 Molecule....Pages 53-65
The Special Features of Formation of Carbon Nanostructures, Their Classification and Site on the State Diagram of Carbon....Pages 67-83
Solubility and Transformation of Fullerene C60 Molecule....Pages 85-95
Thermally Controlled Hydrogen Storage System Using Novel Carbon Materials....Pages 97-110
Composite Sorbents Based on Carbon Fibre “Busofit” for Hydrogen Storage and Transportation....Pages 111-121
Physical and Chemical Bases of Metal Hydrides' Synthesis....Pages 123-126
COMPOSITE ELECTRODES BASED ON PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES, CARBON NANOTUBES AND NICKEL MICRO-WIRE ARRAYS PRODUCED BY TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUE....Pages 127-136
SYNTHESIS OF CARBONIC-NICKEL NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR PROTON PUMPS....Pages 137-149
THE ROLE OF INTERFACE IN THE MECHANISM OF HYDROGEN ABSORPTION BY METAL-POLYMER COMPOSITES....Pages 151-156
SOME PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF BCC HYDROGEN STORAGE ALLOYS....Pages 157-166
VERY LARGE Cn — EXPECTATIONS AND REALITY....Pages 167-174
ENERGETICS OF METAL HYDRIDES FORMATION IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS....Pages 175-182
THEORY OF CHEMISORPTION OF A SINGLE HYDROGEN ATOM ON GRAPHENE....Pages 183-193
CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES — CARRIERS FOR HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS FOR DEHYDROGENATION OF HYDROCARBONS....Pages 195-200
STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOCARBON CONTAINING POLYMER SYSTEMS....Pages 201-206
SIMULATION OF HYDROGEN POLYCONDENSATION BY SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES....Pages 207-214
Transformation Evolution Of Graphene And Nickel Nanoparticles....Pages 215-224
Carbon Nanotubes From Graphenes In The Pores Of Inorganic Membranes....Pages 225-232
Effect Of Pore Structure Of Activated Carbon Fibers On Hydrogen Adsorption....Pages 233-240
Esr Study Of Hydrogen Sorption/Desorption Kinetics In Poly(Ortho-Anisidine) And Poa/Swnts Composite Films....Pages 241-250
Production Of Nickel-Carbon Fibres With The Increased Content Of Highly Dispersive Metal And Nanosized Structurally-Ordered Carbon....Pages 251-254
Creation Of New Composite Materials For Hydrogen Energy Purposes. I. New Lines Of Membrane Production Technology....Pages 255-262
Structural Investigation Of Carbonmetallic Nanocompositions On The Basis Of Lamnni....Pages 263-268
Modification Of Ultrathin ?-C:H Films By Short Voltage Pulses In Stm....Pages 269-274
Influence Of The Mechanical Activation On The Thermal Stability Of The Alh3 In Al-C-H System....Pages 275-278
Electrodes For Fuel Cells Based On Carbon Nanotubes And Catalysts....Pages 279-284
The Problem of Carbon Nanotubes Using in Lithium-Ion Batteries....Pages 285-290
Influence of Carbon Nanofibers on Cyclization and Carbonization Processes of Polyacrylonitryle....Pages 291-296
Equipment and Technology of Nanostructured Carbon Materials Production....Pages 297-300
On Possible Synthesis Of Some Organic Microstructures in A Process of Fullerene Fabrication by Means of An Argon Arc Discharge....Pages 301-306
Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles Produced by Arc-Discharge Evaporation of Fe-Ni-Graphite Electrodes....Pages 307-312
Optimization of Synthesis Methods of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using 3d Transition Metals....Pages 313-316
Dependence of Electronic Structure Peculiarities of Carbon Nanotubes on Diameter and Presence of Defects....Pages 317-320
Biocompatibility of Multiwall Cnt and Nanocomposites on the Base of Polymers....Pages 321-326
Studies of Electrochemical Kinetics of Hydrogen Oxidation on the Nanodispersed Diamond....Pages 327-334
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF EPOXYAMINE COMPOSITES MODIFIED BY CARBON NANOFIBERS IN MICROWAVE RANGE....Pages 335-341
ELECTROLYTIC Ni-BASED COMPOSITE COATINGS CONTAINING MOLYBDENUM AND SILICON FOR HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION....Pages 343-346
FORMATION OF CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES DURING IR-PYROLYSIS OF POLYACRYLONITRILE IN PRESENCE OF Fe AND Co....Pages 347-356
INFLUENCE OF IMPURITIES AND DEFECTS ON ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF CARBON NANOTUBES....Pages 357-364
ABOUT QUASI-LIQUID SPONTANEOUS DEFORMATION IN IRON-HYDROGEN SYSTEM....Pages 365-368
EQUILIBRIUM CONFIGURATION AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE C32H8 MOLECULE ISOMERS....Pages 369-373
PROTON-CONDUCTING MEMBRANES BASED ON COPOLYMER COMPOSITES....Pages 375-378
SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY METHANE PYROLYSIS AND PREPARATION Pt/? ELECTROCATALYSTS ON THEIR BASIS....Pages 379-384
Pt NANOCLUSTERS ON CARBON NANOMATERIALS AS HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS....Pages 385-388
ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Ni-Mo AND Ni-Mo + PENi COATINGS AS MATERIALS FOR HYDROGEN EVOLUTION....Pages 389-394
Algoritms Of Parameters Estimation Of Hydrogen Permeability Model....Pages 395-402
Magnetic Properties Of Gd2Fe14BhX Hydrides....Pages 403-414
Thermodynamics Of Thermolysis Of Alkali Metals Borohydrides....Pages 415-422
Interaction Peculiarities Of Hydrogen And Ni-B Galvanic Alloys....Pages 423-436
Mechanisms Of Metal Hydrides Formation In The Presence Of Boron Compounds....Pages 437-442
Some Aspects Of Producing And Using Boron Compounds....Pages 443-448
Metallographic Investigations And Hydrogenation Peculiarities Of The Alloy Mg-La-Ni....Pages 449-456
Investigation Of Hydrogen-Thermal Treatment Influence On The Properties Of Boron Nitride Based Materials....Pages 457-460
Thermal Stability And H-Desorption Properties Of Mg3Mnni2HX Prepared By Reactive Mechanical Alloying Of Powders Mg, Mn, Ni In H2-Atmosphere....Pages 461-466
Thermal Stability And Hydrogen Sorption Properties Of The Mgh2 Hydride Derived By The Reactive Milling Of The Mg + 10 Wt% Ti Mixture....Pages 467-472
Kinetics of the Orientational Long-Range Ordering of Interstitial Hydrogen Atoms in Metals Having Hexagonal-Close Packed Structure....Pages 473-483
Effect of Mn And Zr on Hydrogen Absorption in Mg-Based Nanocomposites....Pages 485-488
Levels of Ion-Implanted Deuterium Retention in Zr And in The Two-Layer Zr-Pd System....Pages 489-495
Simulation of Phase Diagrams In Lani5-H2(D2) System And Inversion of Isotopic Effect....Pages 497-502
Features of Phase Transformation in Fech System at Hydrogen High Pressure....Pages 503-508
Electrochemical And Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ab5—Type Alloys Where A — La, Ce; B — Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Al....Pages 509-516
Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Metal Hydride and Glass Phase....Pages 517-522
Formation of Linear Structures in Metal-Hydrogen Interstitial Alloys....Pages 523-532
EFFECT OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS ON THE FORMATION OF FeTiH4: AN AB INITIO STUDY....Pages 533-542
“HYSTERESIS” IN INTERACTION OF NANOCRYSTALLINE MAGNESIUM WITH HYDROGEN....Pages 543-548
HYDROGEN PERMEABILITY OF METALS AT PRESENCE OF INTERNAL STRESSES....Pages 549-572
COMPUTER MODELS OF NANOPARTICLES INCLUSIVE OF HYBRID ONES....Pages 573-578
AB-INITIO INVESTIGATION OF HYDROGEN ABSORPTION BY MAGNESIUM NANOPARTICLES....Pages 579-586
EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF LIGHT ELEMENT HYDRIDES....Pages 587-594
CONDUCTIVITY OF METALLIC HYDROGEN UNDER HIGH PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE....Pages 595-602
SURFACE-MODIFIED AB5 ALLOYS WITH ENHANCED HYDROGEN ABSORPTION KINETICS....Pages 603-610
DEFORMATION OF ALUMINIUM MEMBRANE INDUCED BY HYDROGEN TRANSPORT....Pages 611-614
INFLUENCE OF METAL SUBSTITUTE ON ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LaNi5 BASED ALLOYS....Pages 615-624
Interaction of Pseudo Alloys Mg-Rem-Ni and Composites on Their Base with Hydrogen....Pages 625-636
Neutron Diffraction Investigation of Hexagonal and Cubic Phases of System Ti-C-H....Pages 637-644
Determination of Arrangement of Hydrogen Isotopes in the Solid Solution Tin0.40H0.19D0.19 by Neutron Diffraction....Pages 645-650
The Obtaining of Intermetallic Compounds from Hydrides of Titanium and Zirconium with Nickel and Cobalt....Pages 651-658
Hydrogen Absorption Properties ZrFe2 and ZrCo2 Based Alloys....Pages 659-662
Initial Stage of Formation of Ordered Nanocrystalline Structures in Films of Zirconia-Based Solid Electrolyte....Pages 663-678
The Influence Of Interstitial Impurities On Temperature Ranges Of Deuterium Retention In Austenitic Stainless Steel 18Cr10NiTi....Pages 679-684
Interaction of Hydrogen with Interstitial Impurity in Titanium Powders....Pages 685-692
The Peculiarities of Formation of Alloys Structure in the System Ti-Zr-Hf-H....Pages 693-698
Receeiving of Compact Carbides and Carbohydrides Based on Titanium and Vanadium....Pages 699-704
Interaction of Intermetallide Tial with Ammonia....Pages 705-712
Hydrogen Induced Microtwins in Cr Alloyed Ferrite....Pages 713-716
Hydrogen Sorption in Layered Nanoporous GaSe Crystals....Pages 717-722
Investigation of Alloys Formation from Binary Hydrides in Zr-Hf System....Pages 723-731
New Technique for Producing the Alloys Based on Transition Metals....Pages 733-741
Formation of Porousless Compact Produces from Hydrides of Refractory Metals....Pages 743-750
XRD Study of Hydrogenated Fullerites and Metals from IV–V Groups....Pages 751-756
HYDROGEN SOLUBILITY IN BOROHYDRIDES AND METALS HYDRIDES....Pages 757-764
ACOUSTOMICROSCOPY ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE PARAMETERS AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROGEN CONTAINING MATERIALS IN CONDENSE STATE TO DETECTION AND STUDY THEIR'S LIMIT STATES....Pages 765-777
INVESTIGATION OF THE GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF AlN AND SI3N4 POWDERS AFTER HYDROGEN— THERMAL TREATMENT....Pages 779-782
Thermal Conductivity of Hydride Powders Layers Interacted With Hydrogen....Pages 783-794
Analysis Of Restrictions Preventing Implementation Of Hydride Heat Pumps....Pages 795-803
Hydride Heat Pump Application For Additional Cottage Heating....Pages 805-808
The Influence Of Nanostructural Oxide Films On Wear-Resistance Of Titanium Materials....Pages 809-818
Modelling Of Diffusion Tds-Spectrum Peak Of Dehydriding With Size Reduction And Heat Absorption Effects....Pages 819-826
Physicochemical Basics Of Biosystems Organization And Development....Pages 827-830
Cladding Of Iron Powder With The Aim Of Preparing Of Soft Magnetic Materials With Improved Properties....Pages 831-836
Back Matter....Pages 837-842
....Pages 843-849