Ebook: Piezoelectricity: Evolution and Future of a Technology

Discovered in 1880, piezoelectric materials play a key role in an innovative market of several billions of dollars. Recent advances in applications derive from new materials and their development, as well as to new market requirements. With the exception of quartz, ferroelectric materials are used for they offer both high efficiency and sufficient versatility to meet adequately the multidimensional requirements for application. Consequently, strong emphasis is placed on tailoring materials and technology, whether one deals with single crystals, ceramics or plastic materials. Tailoring requires a basic understanding of both physical principles and technical possibilities and limitations. This report elucidates these developments by a broad spectrum of examples, comprising ultrasound in medicine and defence industry, frequency control, signal processing by SAW-devices, sensors, actuators, including novel valves for modern motor management. It delivers a mutual fertilization of technology push and market pull that should be of interest not only to materials scientists or engineers but also to managers who dedicate themselves to a sound future-oriented R&D policy.

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Discovered in 1880, piezoelectric materials play a key role in an innovative market of several billions of dollars. Recent advances in applications derive from new materials and their development, as well as to new market requirements. With the exception of quartz, ferroelectric materials are used for they offer both high efficiency and sufficient versatility to meet adequately the multidimensional requirements for application. Consequently, strong emphasis is placed on tailoring materials and technology, whether one deals with single crystals, ceramics or plastic materials. Tailoring requires a basic understanding of both physical principles and technical possibilities and limitations. This report elucidates these developments by a broad spectrum of examples, comprising ultrasound in medicine and defence industry, frequency control, signal processing by SAW-devices, sensors, actuators, including novel valves for modern motor management. It delivers a mutual fertilization of technology push and market pull that should be of interest not only to materials scientists or engineers but also to managers who dedicate themselves to a sound future-oriented R&D policy.

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Discovered in 1880, piezoelectric materials play a key role in an innovative market of several billions of dollars. Recent advances in applications derive from new materials and their development, as well as to new market requirements. With the exception of quartz, ferroelectric materials are used for they offer both high efficiency and sufficient versatility to meet adequately the multidimensional requirements for application. Consequently, strong emphasis is placed on tailoring materials and technology, whether one deals with single crystals, ceramics or plastic materials. Tailoring requires a basic understanding of both physical principles and technical possibilities and limitations. This report elucidates these developments by a broad spectrum of examples, comprising ultrasound in medicine and defence industry, frequency control, signal processing by SAW-devices, sensors, actuators, including novel valves for modern motor management. It delivers a mutual fertilization of technology push and market pull that should be of interest not only to materials scientists or engineers but also to managers who dedicate themselves to a sound future-oriented R&D policy.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XVIII
Introduction....Pages 1-5
Basic Material Quartz and Related Innovations....Pages 9-35
The Role of Ferroelectricity for Piezoelectric Materials....Pages 37-87
Piezoelectric PZT Ceramics....Pages 89-130
Relaxor Ferroelectrics....Pages 131-155
Piezoelectric Polymers and Their Applications....Pages 157-177
Electromechanical Frequency Filters....Pages 181-198
Ultrasonic Imaging....Pages 199-221
High Effective Lead Perovskite Ceramics and Single Crystals for Ultrasonic Imaging....Pages 223-244
High-Power Ultrasound Transducers for Therapeutic Applications....Pages 245-255
Piezoelectric Motors and Transformers....Pages 257-277
Piezoelectric Positioning....Pages 279-297
Piezoelectric Injection Systems....Pages 299-310
Advanced RF Signal Processing with Surface Acoustic Waves on Piezoelectric Single Crystal Substrates....Pages 311-350
Piezoelectric Films for Innovations in the Field of MEMS and Biosensors....Pages 351-376
Piezoelectric Composites by Solid Freeform Fabrication: A Nature-Inspired Approach....Pages 377-399
Microstructural Analysis Based on Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction....Pages 403-421
Small Signal Resonance Methods....Pages 423-444
Large Signal Resonance and Laser Dilatometer Methods....Pages 445-455
Ferroelastic Characterization of Piezoelectrics....Pages 457-467
First-Principles Theories of Piezoelectric Materials....Pages 471-492
Thermodynamic Theory....Pages 493-515
Effective Medium Theories....Pages 517-533
Finite-Element Modelling of Piezoelectric Actuators: Linear and Nonlinear Analyses....Pages 535-549
Trends in Ferroelectric/Piezoelectric Ceramics....Pages 553-569
Back Matter....Pages 571-582

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Discovered in 1880, piezoelectric materials play a key role in an innovative market of several billions of dollars. Recent advances in applications derive from new materials and their development, as well as to new market requirements. With the exception of quartz, ferroelectric materials are used for they offer both high efficiency and sufficient versatility to meet adequately the multidimensional requirements for application. Consequently, strong emphasis is placed on tailoring materials and technology, whether one deals with single crystals, ceramics or plastic materials. Tailoring requires a basic understanding of both physical principles and technical possibilities and limitations. This report elucidates these developments by a broad spectrum of examples, comprising ultrasound in medicine and defence industry, frequency control, signal processing by SAW-devices, sensors, actuators, including novel valves for modern motor management. It delivers a mutual fertilization of technology push and market pull that should be of interest not only to materials scientists or engineers but also to managers who dedicate themselves to a sound future-oriented R&D policy.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XVIII
Introduction....Pages 1-5
Basic Material Quartz and Related Innovations....Pages 9-35
The Role of Ferroelectricity for Piezoelectric Materials....Pages 37-87
Piezoelectric PZT Ceramics....Pages 89-130
Relaxor Ferroelectrics....Pages 131-155
Piezoelectric Polymers and Their Applications....Pages 157-177
Electromechanical Frequency Filters....Pages 181-198
Ultrasonic Imaging....Pages 199-221
High Effective Lead Perovskite Ceramics and Single Crystals for Ultrasonic Imaging....Pages 223-244
High-Power Ultrasound Transducers for Therapeutic Applications....Pages 245-255
Piezoelectric Motors and Transformers....Pages 257-277
Piezoelectric Positioning....Pages 279-297
Piezoelectric Injection Systems....Pages 299-310
Advanced RF Signal Processing with Surface Acoustic Waves on Piezoelectric Single Crystal Substrates....Pages 311-350
Piezoelectric Films for Innovations in the Field of MEMS and Biosensors....Pages 351-376
Piezoelectric Composites by Solid Freeform Fabrication: A Nature-Inspired Approach....Pages 377-399
Microstructural Analysis Based on Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction....Pages 403-421
Small Signal Resonance Methods....Pages 423-444
Large Signal Resonance and Laser Dilatometer Methods....Pages 445-455
Ferroelastic Characterization of Piezoelectrics....Pages 457-467
First-Principles Theories of Piezoelectric Materials....Pages 471-492
Thermodynamic Theory....Pages 493-515
Effective Medium Theories....Pages 517-533
Finite-Element Modelling of Piezoelectric Actuators: Linear and Nonlinear Analyses....Pages 535-549
Trends in Ferroelectric/Piezoelectric Ceramics....Pages 553-569
Back Matter....Pages 571-582
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