Ebook: Tsunamis: Case Studies and Recent Developments

This book contains 20 papers reflecting the state-of-the-art tsunami research. Most of them were presented at the two international meetings held in 2003: the 21st International Tsunami Symposium, held on July 9 and 10th as a part of IUGG general assembly in Sapporo, Japan, and an International Workshop on Tsunamis in the South Pacific, held on September 25 and 26th in Wellington, New Zealand. More recent work, including the field survey report of the Tokachi-oki earthquake tsunami of September 26, 2003, is also included. Synolakis and Okall summarize the survey results of International Tsunami Survey Teams, as well as seismological and numerical modelling studies of 15 tsunami events occurred between 1992 and 2002. In this active decade of tsunami disasters, the tsunami community has learned how to organize ITST, describe, document and share the results of surveys. The authors also propose a method to discriminate the seismic tsunamis from landslide tsunamis based on the observed runup heights, and demonstrate it for the recent tsunamis. Power et al. report the tsunamis generated by the 2003 Fiordland, New Zealand, earthquake (M 7. 2). This earthquake generated two kinds of tsunamis; a local large (4-5 m) tsunami generated by rockslide in a sound, and a smaller tsunami generated by earthquake fa aulting and detected on tide gauges in Australia. Three papers discuss volcanic tsunamis in the western Pacific region. Nishimura et al. report the tsunami from the 1994 eruption of Rabaul volcanoes.

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Twenty papers comprise a timely review of state-of-the-art tsunami research. Various approaches are taken to study tsunamis: field-surveys of recent tsunamis; analysis of tide-gauge records; numerical simulations of tsunami generation and propagation, tank experiments, and geological studies of tsunami deposits. The papers are also divided into two parts: case studies and recent developments.

The first part reports on tsunamis generated by volcanic eruptions and earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean. The papers include summaries of post-tsunami surveys in the last decade; reports on the two tsunamis in 2003 which occurred in Fiordland in New Zealand and Tokachi-oki, Japan; reports and mechanism of tsunamis from the 1994 Rabaul, 1883 Krakatau and 1741 Oshima-Oshima eruptions; resonance and delayed peaks observed on the Sanriku coast of northern Japan; studies of tsunami deposits in Japan and Russia used to infer paleotsunamis along the Kuril trench; estimation of tsunami energy along the Aleutian-Alaska and Canadian coast based on historical data.

The second part reports recent developments in numerical computations, monitoring, and assessments of coastal hazards. The papers include assessments of future tsunami impacts, based on the past tsunami or marine survey data, for the Ecuador, Portuguese and Korean coasts; adjoint technique for waveform inversion of source parameters; experimental design to study underwater landslides; numerical and experimental studies to evaluate the effects of coastal vegetation and control forests on tsunamis; proposals of new tsunami monitoring techniques using acoustic waves and electromagnetic signals.

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Twenty papers comprise a timely review of state-of-the-art tsunami research. Various approaches are taken to study tsunamis: field-surveys of recent tsunamis; analysis of tide-gauge records; numerical simulations of tsunami generation and propagation, tank experiments, and geological studies of tsunami deposits. The papers are also divided into two parts: case studies and recent developments.

The first part reports on tsunamis generated by volcanic eruptions and earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean. The papers include summaries of post-tsunami surveys in the last decade; reports on the two tsunamis in 2003 which occurred in Fiordland in New Zealand and Tokachi-oki, Japan; reports and mechanism of tsunamis from the 1994 Rabaul, 1883 Krakatau and 1741 Oshima-Oshima eruptions; resonance and delayed peaks observed on the Sanriku coast of northern Japan; studies of tsunami deposits in Japan and Russia used to infer paleotsunamis along the Kuril trench; estimation of tsunami energy along the Aleutian-Alaska and Canadian coast based on historical data.

The second part reports recent developments in numerical computations, monitoring, and assessments of coastal hazards. The papers include assessments of future tsunami impacts, based on the past tsunami or marine survey data, for the Ecuador, Portuguese and Korean coasts; adjoint technique for waveform inversion of source parameters; experimental design to study underwater landslides; numerical and experimental studies to evaluate the effects of coastal vegetation and control forests on tsunamis; proposals of new tsunami monitoring techniques using acoustic waves and electromagnetic signals.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-viii
1992–2002: Perspective on a Decade of Post-Tsunami Surveys....Pages 1-29
The Fiordland Earthquake and Tsunami, New Zealand, 21 August 2003....Pages 31-42
Timing and Scale of Tsunamis Caused by the 1994 Rabaul Eruption, East New Britain, Papua New Guinea....Pages 43-56
Analysis of Tide-Gauge Records of the 1883 Krakatau Tsunami....Pages 57-77
Model of Tsunami Generation by Collapse of Volcanic Eruption: The 1741 Oshima-Oshima Tsunami....Pages 79-96
Tsunami Resonance Curve from Dominant Periods Observed in Bays of Northeastern Japan....Pages 97-113
Delayed Peaks of Tsunami Waveforms at Miyako from Earthquakes East off Hokkaido....Pages 115-134
Field Survey of the 2003 Tokachi-Oki Earthquake Tsunami and Simulation at the Ootsu Harbor Located at the Pacific Coast of Hokkaido, Japan....Pages 135-156
Variability Among Tsunami Sources in the 17th–21st Centuries Along the Soutehrn Kuril Trench....Pages 157-170
Holocene Tsunami Traces on Kunashir Island, Kurile Subduction Zone....Pages 171-192
Distribution of Cumulative Tsunami Energy from Alaska-Aleutians to Western Canada....Pages 193-201
Mapping the Possible Tsunami Hazard as the First Step Towards a Tsunami Resistant Community in Esmeraldas, Ecuador....Pages 203-215
Progresses in the Assessment of Tsunami Genesis and Impacts around the Portuguese Coasts....Pages 217-230
Quick Tsunami Forecasting Based on Database....Pages 231-240
Adjoint Inversion of the Source Parameters of Near-Shore Tsunamigenic Earthquakes....Pages 241-258
Experimental Design for Solid Block and Granular Submarine Landslides: A Unified Approach....Pages 259-277
Effects of Coastal Forest on Tsunami Hazard Mitigation — A Preliminary Investigation....Pages 279-292
Fluid Force on Vegetation Due to Tsunami Flow on a Sand Spit....Pages 293-304
Hydro-Acoustic Monitoring on the Kamchatka Shelf: A Possibility of Early Location of Oceanic Earthquake and Local Tsunami Warning....Pages 305-317
Electromagnetic Tsunami Monitoring: Theory and Recommendations....Pages 319-340
Back Matter....Pages 341-346

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Twenty papers comprise a timely review of state-of-the-art tsunami research. Various approaches are taken to study tsunamis: field-surveys of recent tsunamis; analysis of tide-gauge records; numerical simulations of tsunami generation and propagation, tank experiments, and geological studies of tsunami deposits. The papers are also divided into two parts: case studies and recent developments.

The first part reports on tsunamis generated by volcanic eruptions and earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean. The papers include summaries of post-tsunami surveys in the last decade; reports on the two tsunamis in 2003 which occurred in Fiordland in New Zealand and Tokachi-oki, Japan; reports and mechanism of tsunamis from the 1994 Rabaul, 1883 Krakatau and 1741 Oshima-Oshima eruptions; resonance and delayed peaks observed on the Sanriku coast of northern Japan; studies of tsunami deposits in Japan and Russia used to infer paleotsunamis along the Kuril trench; estimation of tsunami energy along the Aleutian-Alaska and Canadian coast based on historical data.

The second part reports recent developments in numerical computations, monitoring, and assessments of coastal hazards. The papers include assessments of future tsunami impacts, based on the past tsunami or marine survey data, for the Ecuador, Portuguese and Korean coasts; adjoint technique for waveform inversion of source parameters; experimental design to study underwater landslides; numerical and experimental studies to evaluate the effects of coastal vegetation and control forests on tsunamis; proposals of new tsunami monitoring techniques using acoustic waves and electromagnetic signals.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-viii
1992–2002: Perspective on a Decade of Post-Tsunami Surveys....Pages 1-29
The Fiordland Earthquake and Tsunami, New Zealand, 21 August 2003....Pages 31-42
Timing and Scale of Tsunamis Caused by the 1994 Rabaul Eruption, East New Britain, Papua New Guinea....Pages 43-56
Analysis of Tide-Gauge Records of the 1883 Krakatau Tsunami....Pages 57-77
Model of Tsunami Generation by Collapse of Volcanic Eruption: The 1741 Oshima-Oshima Tsunami....Pages 79-96
Tsunami Resonance Curve from Dominant Periods Observed in Bays of Northeastern Japan....Pages 97-113
Delayed Peaks of Tsunami Waveforms at Miyako from Earthquakes East off Hokkaido....Pages 115-134
Field Survey of the 2003 Tokachi-Oki Earthquake Tsunami and Simulation at the Ootsu Harbor Located at the Pacific Coast of Hokkaido, Japan....Pages 135-156
Variability Among Tsunami Sources in the 17th–21st Centuries Along the Soutehrn Kuril Trench....Pages 157-170
Holocene Tsunami Traces on Kunashir Island, Kurile Subduction Zone....Pages 171-192
Distribution of Cumulative Tsunami Energy from Alaska-Aleutians to Western Canada....Pages 193-201
Mapping the Possible Tsunami Hazard as the First Step Towards a Tsunami Resistant Community in Esmeraldas, Ecuador....Pages 203-215
Progresses in the Assessment of Tsunami Genesis and Impacts around the Portuguese Coasts....Pages 217-230
Quick Tsunami Forecasting Based on Database....Pages 231-240
Adjoint Inversion of the Source Parameters of Near-Shore Tsunamigenic Earthquakes....Pages 241-258
Experimental Design for Solid Block and Granular Submarine Landslides: A Unified Approach....Pages 259-277
Effects of Coastal Forest on Tsunami Hazard Mitigation — A Preliminary Investigation....Pages 279-292
Fluid Force on Vegetation Due to Tsunami Flow on a Sand Spit....Pages 293-304
Hydro-Acoustic Monitoring on the Kamchatka Shelf: A Possibility of Early Location of Oceanic Earthquake and Local Tsunami Warning....Pages 305-317
Electromagnetic Tsunami Monitoring: Theory and Recommendations....Pages 319-340
Back Matter....Pages 341-346
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