Ebook: Second-Generation HTS Conductors

The discovery of high temperature superconductors (HTS) in 1986 by two IBM scientists led to an unprecedented explosion of research and development efforts world-wide because of the significant potential for practical applications offered by these materials. However, the early euphoria created by the exciting prospects was dampened by the daunting task of fabricating these materials into useful forms with acceptable superconducting properties. Progress towards this goal has been hindered by many intrinsic materials problems, such as weak-links, flux-creep, and poor mechanical properties.

The above problems led to the development of the Second-Generation of HTS wires. Three methods were invented to produce flexible metallic substrates, which were also crystallographically biaxially textured, and resembled a long, mosaic single crystal. The first method invented is the Ion-Beam-Assisted-Deposition (IBAD). The second method developed was the Inclined-Substrate-Deposition (ISD). The third method invented is called the Rolling-assisted-biaxially-textured-substrates (RABiTS).

The book is divided into four sections. The first section discusses the three methods to fabricate biaxially textured substrates, upon which, epitaxial YBCO or other HTS materials can be deposited to realize a single-crystal-like HTS wire. The second section includes chapters on various methods of HTS deposition such as pulsed laser ablation (PLD), thermal co-evaporation, sputtering, pulsed electron beam deposition, ex-situ BaF2 by co-evaporation flowed by annealing, chemical solution based ex-situ processes, jet vapor deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). The third section includes detailed chapters on other HTS materials such as the various Tl-based and Hg-based conductors.

These Second-Generation HTS conductors, also referred to as "Coated conductors" represent one of the most exciting developments in HTS technology. HTS wires based on this technology have the potential to carry 100-1000 times the current without resistance losses of comparable copper wire. HTS power equipment based on these HTS conductors has a potential to be half the size of conventional alternatives with the same or higher power rating and less than one half the energy losses. Upgrading of the world-wide electric power transmission and distribution with HTS based devices can significantly help in meeting the growing demand for electricity world-wide. There is little question that superconducting technology based on the Next-Generation HTS Superconducting Wires will make a substantial impact on the way we generate, transmit, distribute and use electric power. Of course the question is - how soon?

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The discovery of high temperature superconductors (HTS) in 1986 by two IBM scientists led to an unprecedented explosion of research and development efforts world-wide because of the significant potential for practical applications offered by these materials. However, the early euphoria created by the exciting prospects was dampened by the daunting task of fabricating these materials into useful forms with acceptable superconducting properties. Progress towards this goal has been hindered by many intrinsic materials problems, such as weak-links, flux-creep, and poor mechanical properties.

The above problems led to the development of the Second-Generation of HTS wires. Three methods were invented to produce flexible metallic substrates, which were also crystallographically biaxially textured, and resembled a long, mosaic single crystal. The first method invented is the Ion-Beam-Assisted-Deposition (IBAD). The second method developed was the Inclined-Substrate-Deposition (ISD). The third method invented is called the Rolling-assisted-biaxially-textured-substrates (RABiTS).

The book is divided into four sections. The first section discusses the three methods to fabricate biaxially textured substrates, upon which, epitaxial YBCO or other HTS materials can be deposited to realize a single-crystal-like HTS wire. The second section includes chapters on various methods of HTS deposition such as pulsed laser ablation (PLD), thermal co-evaporation, sputtering, pulsed electron beam deposition, ex-situ BaF2 by co-evaporation flowed by annealing, chemical solution based ex-situ processes, jet vapor deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). The third section includes detailed chapters on other HTS materials such as the various Tl-based and Hg-based conductors.

These Second-Generation HTS conductors, also referred to as "Coated conductors" represent one of the most exciting developments in HTS technology. HTS wires based on this technology have the potential to carry 100-1000 times the current without resistance losses of comparable copper wire. HTS power equipment based on these HTS conductors has a potential to be half the size of conventional alternatives with the same or higher power rating and less than one half the energy losses. Upgrading of the world-wide electric power transmission and distribution with HTS based devices can significantly help in meeting the growing demand for electricity world-wide. There is little question that superconducting technology based on the Next-Generation HTS Superconducting Wires will make a substantial impact on the way we generate, transmit, distribute and use electric power. Of course the question is - how soon?

Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xviii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
IBAD Template Films for HTS Coated Conductors....Pages 3-28
Epitaxial Superconductors on Rolling-Assisted-Biaxially-Textured-Substrates (RABiTS)....Pages 29-46
Inclined Substrate Deposition....Pages 47-52
ISD by Thermal Evaporation....Pages 53-55
Front Matter....Pages 57-57
Pulsed Laser Deposition of YBa2Cu2O7?? for Coated Conductor Applications: Current Status and Cost Issues....Pages 59-79
Methods of HTS Deposition: Thermal Evaporation....Pages 81-96
Sputtering of Y1Ba2Cu3O7?? ....Pages 97-108
Pulsed Electron-Beam Deposition of High Temperature Superconducting Films for Coated Conductor Applications....Pages 109-133
BaF2 Post-Deposition Reaction Process for Thick YBCO Films....Pages 135-147
Issues and Progress Related to the Continuous Ex-Situ BaF2 Processing of Long-Length YBCO Coated Conductors....Pages 149-177
Solution Deposition of Yba2Cu3O7?? Coated Conductors....Pages 179-194
Non-Fluorine Based Bulk Solution Techniques to Grow Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7?? Films....Pages 195-214
Jet Vapor Deposition for Continuous, Lowcost Manufacture of High Temperature Superconducting Tape....Pages 215-231
Processing of Long-Length Tapes of High-Tempera Ture Superconductors by Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition....Pages 233-244
MOCVD Growth of YBCO Films for Coated Conductor Applications....Pages 245-259
LPE Processing for Coated Conductor....Pages 261-272
Front Matter....Pages 273-273
Ex-Situ Processing of Ti-Containing Films....Pages 275-316
Epitaxy of Hg-Based High-T c Superconducting Thin Films....Pages 317-345
Back Matter....Pages 347-347

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The discovery of high temperature superconductors (HTS) in 1986 by two IBM scientists led to an unprecedented explosion of research and development efforts world-wide because of the significant potential for practical applications offered by these materials. However, the early euphoria created by the exciting prospects was dampened by the daunting task of fabricating these materials into useful forms with acceptable superconducting properties. Progress towards this goal has been hindered by many intrinsic materials problems, such as weak-links, flux-creep, and poor mechanical properties.

The above problems led to the development of the Second-Generation of HTS wires. Three methods were invented to produce flexible metallic substrates, which were also crystallographically biaxially textured, and resembled a long, mosaic single crystal. The first method invented is the Ion-Beam-Assisted-Deposition (IBAD). The second method developed was the Inclined-Substrate-Deposition (ISD). The third method invented is called the Rolling-assisted-biaxially-textured-substrates (RABiTS).

The book is divided into four sections. The first section discusses the three methods to fabricate biaxially textured substrates, upon which, epitaxial YBCO or other HTS materials can be deposited to realize a single-crystal-like HTS wire. The second section includes chapters on various methods of HTS deposition such as pulsed laser ablation (PLD), thermal co-evaporation, sputtering, pulsed electron beam deposition, ex-situ BaF2 by co-evaporation flowed by annealing, chemical solution based ex-situ processes, jet vapor deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). The third section includes detailed chapters on other HTS materials such as the various Tl-based and Hg-based conductors.

These Second-Generation HTS conductors, also referred to as "Coated conductors" represent one of the most exciting developments in HTS technology. HTS wires based on this technology have the potential to carry 100-1000 times the current without resistance losses of comparable copper wire. HTS power equipment based on these HTS conductors has a potential to be half the size of conventional alternatives with the same or higher power rating and less than one half the energy losses. Upgrading of the world-wide electric power transmission and distribution with HTS based devices can significantly help in meeting the growing demand for electricity world-wide. There is little question that superconducting technology based on the Next-Generation HTS Superconducting Wires will make a substantial impact on the way we generate, transmit, distribute and use electric power. Of course the question is - how soon?

Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xviii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
IBAD Template Films for HTS Coated Conductors....Pages 3-28
Epitaxial Superconductors on Rolling-Assisted-Biaxially-Textured-Substrates (RABiTS)....Pages 29-46
Inclined Substrate Deposition....Pages 47-52
ISD by Thermal Evaporation....Pages 53-55
Front Matter....Pages 57-57
Pulsed Laser Deposition of YBa2Cu2O7?? for Coated Conductor Applications: Current Status and Cost Issues....Pages 59-79
Methods of HTS Deposition: Thermal Evaporation....Pages 81-96
Sputtering of Y1Ba2Cu3O7?? ....Pages 97-108
Pulsed Electron-Beam Deposition of High Temperature Superconducting Films for Coated Conductor Applications....Pages 109-133
BaF2 Post-Deposition Reaction Process for Thick YBCO Films....Pages 135-147
Issues and Progress Related to the Continuous Ex-Situ BaF2 Processing of Long-Length YBCO Coated Conductors....Pages 149-177
Solution Deposition of Yba2Cu3O7?? Coated Conductors....Pages 179-194
Non-Fluorine Based Bulk Solution Techniques to Grow Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7?? Films....Pages 195-214
Jet Vapor Deposition for Continuous, Lowcost Manufacture of High Temperature Superconducting Tape....Pages 215-231
Processing of Long-Length Tapes of High-Tempera Ture Superconductors by Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition....Pages 233-244
MOCVD Growth of YBCO Films for Coated Conductor Applications....Pages 245-259
LPE Processing for Coated Conductor....Pages 261-272
Front Matter....Pages 273-273
Ex-Situ Processing of Ti-Containing Films....Pages 275-316
Epitaxy of Hg-Based High-T c Superconducting Thin Films....Pages 317-345
Back Matter....Pages 347-347
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