Ebook: Generalized Thermodynamics: The Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes and Generalized Hydrodynamics

Despite a long history of almost 180 years stretching back to the times of Carnot and, later, Clausius and Lord Kelvin, amongst others following him, the subject of thermodynamics has not as yet seen its full maturity, in the sense that the theory of irreversible processes has remained incomplete. The works of L. Onsager, J. Meixner, I. Prigogine on the thermodyn- ics of linear irreversible processes are, in effect, the early efforts toward the desired goal of giving an adequate description of irreversible processes, but their theory is confined to near-equilibrium phenomena. The works in recent years by various research workers on the extension of the aforem- tioned thermodynamic theory of linear irreversible processes are further efforts toward the goal mentioned. The present work is another of such efforts and a contribution to the subject of generalizing the thermodyn- ics of reversible processes, namely, equilibrium thermodynamics, to that of irreversible processes—non-equilibrium thermodynamics, without being restricted to linear irreversible processes. In this context the terms ‘far - moved from equilibrium’ is often used in the literature, and such states of macroscopic systems and non-linear irreversible phenomena in them are the objects of interest in this work. The thermodynamics of processes, either reversible or irreversible, is a continuum mechanical theory of matter and energy and their exchange between different parts of the system, and as such it makes no direct r- erence to the molecules constituting the substance under consideration.

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This monograph presents, from the viewpoint of continuum mechanics, a newly emerging field of irreversible thermodynamics, in which linear irreversible thermodynamics are extended to the nonlinear regime and macroscopic phenomena far removed from equilibrium are studied in a manner consistent with the laws of thermodynamics. The tool to develop this thermodynamic theory of irreversible processes are the generalized thermodynamics, which also extends the classical hydrodynamics of Navier, Stokes and Fourier to nonlinear irreversible processes. On the basis of mathematically rigorous representations of the first and the second law of thermodynamics, phenomenological theory (continuum mechanics) deductions are made from the thermodynamic laws of R. Clausius and Lord Kelvin and by this continuum mechanics theories are formulated for macroscopic irreversible processes occurring far removed from equilibrium. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics are developed for thermodynamic functions.

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This monograph presents, from the viewpoint of continuum mechanics, a newly emerging field of irreversible thermodynamics, in which linear irreversible thermodynamics are extended to the nonlinear regime and macroscopic phenomena far removed from equilibrium are studied in a manner consistent with the laws of thermodynamics. The tool to develop this thermodynamic theory of irreversible processes are the generalized thermodynamics, which also extends the classical hydrodynamics of Navier, Stokes and Fourier to nonlinear irreversible processes. On the basis of mathematically rigorous representations of the first and the second law of thermodynamics, phenomenological theory (continuum mechanics) deductions are made from the thermodynamic laws of R. Clausius and Lord Kelvin and by this continuum mechanics theories are formulated for macroscopic irreversible processes occurring far removed from equilibrium. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics are developed for thermodynamic functions.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xvi
Introduction....Pages 1-10
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics....Pages 11-18
The First Law of Thermodynamics....Pages 19-29
The Second Law of Thermodynamics....Pages 31-67
Thermodynamics of Global Irreversible Processes....Pages 69-110
Conservation Laws and Evolution Equations....Pages 111-137
Local Form of the Second Law of Thermodynamics....Pages 139-158
Local Irreversible Thermodynamics....Pages 159-182
Thermodynamics of Linear Irreversible Processes....Pages 183-217
Irreversible Thermodynamics of Steady States....Pages 219-300
Variational Principles....Pages 301-318
Contact Form in Thermodynamics....Pages 319-332
Back Matter....Pages 333-342

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This monograph presents, from the viewpoint of continuum mechanics, a newly emerging field of irreversible thermodynamics, in which linear irreversible thermodynamics are extended to the nonlinear regime and macroscopic phenomena far removed from equilibrium are studied in a manner consistent with the laws of thermodynamics. The tool to develop this thermodynamic theory of irreversible processes are the generalized thermodynamics, which also extends the classical hydrodynamics of Navier, Stokes and Fourier to nonlinear irreversible processes. On the basis of mathematically rigorous representations of the first and the second law of thermodynamics, phenomenological theory (continuum mechanics) deductions are made from the thermodynamic laws of R. Clausius and Lord Kelvin and by this continuum mechanics theories are formulated for macroscopic irreversible processes occurring far removed from equilibrium. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics are developed for thermodynamic functions.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xvi
Introduction....Pages 1-10
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics....Pages 11-18
The First Law of Thermodynamics....Pages 19-29
The Second Law of Thermodynamics....Pages 31-67
Thermodynamics of Global Irreversible Processes....Pages 69-110
Conservation Laws and Evolution Equations....Pages 111-137
Local Form of the Second Law of Thermodynamics....Pages 139-158
Local Irreversible Thermodynamics....Pages 159-182
Thermodynamics of Linear Irreversible Processes....Pages 183-217
Irreversible Thermodynamics of Steady States....Pages 219-300
Variational Principles....Pages 301-318
Contact Form in Thermodynamics....Pages 319-332
Back Matter....Pages 333-342
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