Ebook: Analysis of Risks Associated with Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Dismantling and Disposal

A great number of nuclear submarines are due to be decommissioned before 2000. The political decisions surrounding the disposal of nuclear compartments, radioactive wastes and spent fuel differ appreciably between the countries that own the boats. The decision makers involved thus need help in comparing and assessing alternative options for the decommissioning of their nuclear submarine fleets. The present volume offers such assistance, with its discussions of the risks associated with long-term water storage of the boats, radioactive and chemical contamination, spent fuel and waste management, and handling and recycling reactor compartments.

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A great number of nuclear submarines are due to be decommissioned before 2000. The political decisions surrounding the disposal of nuclear compartments, radioactive wastes and spent fuel differ appreciably between the countries that own the boats. The decision makers involved thus need help in comparing and assessing alternative options for the decommissioning of their nuclear submarine fleets. The present volume offers such assistance, with its discussions of the risks associated with long-term water storage of the boats, radioactive and chemical contamination, spent fuel and waste management, and handling and recycling reactor compartments.

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A great number of nuclear submarines are due to be decommissioned before 2000. The political decisions surrounding the disposal of nuclear compartments, radioactive wastes and spent fuel differ appreciably between the countries that own the boats. The decision makers involved thus need help in comparing and assessing alternative options for the decommissioning of their nuclear submarine fleets. The present volume offers such assistance, with its discussions of the risks associated with long-term water storage of the boats, radioactive and chemical contamination, spent fuel and waste management, and handling and recycling reactor compartments.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xi
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Overview of the 1995 Nato Arw on Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems....Pages 3-8
A Structured Methodology for Multiple Stakeholder Involvement in the Management of Risks from Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Disposal....Pages 9-16
Russian Nuclear Submarine Utilization Probabilistic Risk Assessment....Pages 17-18
Monitoring Control Levels of Radioactive Contamin Ation of the Sea Water at Nuclear Submarines Decommi Ssioning and Establishment of Criteria of Intervention....Pages 19-22
Normative-Legal Aspects of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Provision during Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Storage and Utilization....Pages 23-26
Front Matter....Pages 27-27
Risk Analysis and Safety Measures as Applied to Long-Term Waterborne Storage of Russian Northern Fleet Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines....Pages 29-31
Enhancement of Safety at Storaging Nuclear Power Plants of Warships Removed from Operation Pending Their Decommissioning....Pages 33-40
Accident Risk Associated with Fueled Decommissioned Nuclear Powered Submarines....Pages 41-52
Risk Assessments for Non-Defuelled, Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines....Pages 53-64
The Present State and Problems of Radioecological Monitoring of the Pacific Fleet Objects and Territories....Pages 65-69
Assessment and Prediction of Radiation and Hygienic Consequences from Operation of Naval Nuclear Sites and Facilities....Pages 71-79
Analysis of Radioactivity Release from Second Generation Nuclear Submarine Reactor Compartment During Prolonged Storage Afloat After Unloading Spent Nuclear Fuel....Pages 81-85
Nuclear Risks of Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines with Non-Defueled Reactors....Pages 87-94
Possibilities for Reducing Radiation and Ecological Impact Upon Personnel and the Environment in the Course of Temporary Keeping, Scrapping, and Long-Term Storage of Nuclear Submarines....Pages 95-101
The BR3 Decommissioning project: A Pilot for Submarine Reactors....Pages 103-117
Front Matter....Pages 119-119
Methodology of Cost Assessment of Radiation Risk and Annual Man-Rem During Dismantling Work in Russian Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Industry....Pages 121-130
Alternatives for Disposition of Nuclear Facilities in the United States....Pages 131-136
Problems of Safe Application of Laser Technological Process for Disassembly of the Nuclear Installations of NSM....Pages 137-144
Comparative Estimation of Various Technologies of Nuclear-Powered Submarines Disintegration From The Point of View of Radiating and Ecological Safety....Pages 145-153
Risks Encountered in Nuclear Decommissioning and Their Applicability to Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning....Pages 155-164
Front Matter....Pages 119-119
Issues of Personnel Protection from Toxic Materials Penetrating into the Atmosphere of Working Sites Under Conditions of Nuclear Submarine Recycling....Pages 165-168
Front Matter....Pages 169-169
Geological Aspects of Handling of Radioactive Wastes (RAW) and Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) in Decomiviissioning of Nuclear Submarines (NS)....Pages 171-186
On the Possibility of Underwater Storage of Defueled Nuclear Submarine Reactor Compartments....Pages 187-199
Dynamic Modeling of Physical Phenomena for Probabilistic Assessment of Spent Fuel Accidents....Pages 201-215
A Potential Method for Stabilization and Packaging of Damaged Naval Spent Fuel....Pages 217-222
Risks Posed by out of Service Russian Nuclear Submarines and Proposed Methods to Minimize the Risks....Pages 223-235
Ecological Estimate of Various Methods for Handling Radioactive Materials and Constructions in Course of The NPS Utilization....Pages 237-242
Minimizing the Risks Associated With Low and Medium Activity Waste Processing and Disposal....Pages 243-247
Training as a Part of Risk Minimization Process and Staff Security....Pages 249-255
Principal Solutions on Environment Protection from the Spent Nuclear Fuel of Stationary and Transportable Nuclear Power Plants With the Use of Metal and Concrete Containers....Pages 257-260
Problems of Utilization of Cores and Nuclear Submarine Compartments with Lead - Bismuth Cooled Reactors....Pages 261-264
Front Matter....Pages 265-265
Assessment of Environmental Safety for Long Storage of Reactor Compartments Enclosing Radioactive Equipment of Nuclear Steam Supply System From Nuclear Submarines Being Utilized....Pages 267-281
Experience of the Nps Utilization at the Enterprise “Zvyozdochka” and Ecological Safety Problems....Pages 283-290
Design Support to Minimize the Risk of the Environmental Impact of Damaged Nuclear Steam-Generating Plants of Russian Nuclear Submarines During Their Long-Term Storage in Sarcophaguses....Pages 291-302
Nuclear Fuel Cycle for Russian Ship Spent Nuclear Fuel: Reprocessing or Direct Disposal?....Pages 303-311
Current State and Key Problems of Nuclear Submarine Utilization in Russia....Pages 313-316
Front Matter....Pages 317-317
Conclusions....Pages 319-322
Front Matter....Pages 323-323
Major Ecological Problems Related to Operation and Decommissioning of Nuclear Submarines....Pages 325-329
Radioecological Hazards from Decommissioning and Recycling of Nuclear Propelled Ships....Pages 331-337
Hazard of Accident and Wrecked Nuclear Powered Submarines: How Can the Mankind Solve the Problem?....Pages 339-353
Front Matter....Pages 323-323
Creation of Antimigration Barriers for Restoration of Aquifers Contaminated with Radwaste....Pages 355-359
Application of Laser Technology for Decontamination of Steels and Alloys Used in Nuclear Power Industry....Pages 361-363
Main Pospiton of Conception of the Underground Localization in Permafrost of Large-Sized Radiation-Dangerous Object (LSO) Formed in North-West Region of Russia....Pages 365-376
The Concept of Radioecologically Safe, Industrial Process for Recycling of Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines....Pages 377-382
Radioactive Waste Management at Enterprises of the Russian Ministry of Economy Conceptual Considerations....Pages 383-391
Legal and Technical-Standard Ensuring of Nuclear Powered Submarines Utilization in Russia....Pages 393-396
Iintegrated Method for Radiological Decontamination of Metal Surfaces and Treatment of Spent Solutions....Pages 397-403
Small Mobile Installation for Reprocessing of Radioactive Waste from Technological Circuits of Nuclear Power Facilities of Nuclear Submarines Subject to Recycling....Pages 405-418
Development of Safe Technologies for Handling Liquid Radioactive Waste at Naval Sites/Facilities: Experience and Prospects....Pages 419-424
Utilization of Europium-Containing Control Rods by Development of Gamma-Europium Sources....Pages 425-432
Basis for Diagnostics and Forecast of the State of Nuclear Wastes at the Bottom of the Barents and Kara Seas and the Sea of Japan. (Afterword to the “White Book”)....Pages 433-438
Back Matter....Pages 439-443

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A great number of nuclear submarines are due to be decommissioned before 2000. The political decisions surrounding the disposal of nuclear compartments, radioactive wastes and spent fuel differ appreciably between the countries that own the boats. The decision makers involved thus need help in comparing and assessing alternative options for the decommissioning of their nuclear submarine fleets. The present volume offers such assistance, with its discussions of the risks associated with long-term water storage of the boats, radioactive and chemical contamination, spent fuel and waste management, and handling and recycling reactor compartments.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xi
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Overview of the 1995 Nato Arw on Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems....Pages 3-8
A Structured Methodology for Multiple Stakeholder Involvement in the Management of Risks from Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Disposal....Pages 9-16
Russian Nuclear Submarine Utilization Probabilistic Risk Assessment....Pages 17-18
Monitoring Control Levels of Radioactive Contamin Ation of the Sea Water at Nuclear Submarines Decommi Ssioning and Establishment of Criteria of Intervention....Pages 19-22
Normative-Legal Aspects of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Provision during Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Storage and Utilization....Pages 23-26
Front Matter....Pages 27-27
Risk Analysis and Safety Measures as Applied to Long-Term Waterborne Storage of Russian Northern Fleet Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines....Pages 29-31
Enhancement of Safety at Storaging Nuclear Power Plants of Warships Removed from Operation Pending Their Decommissioning....Pages 33-40
Accident Risk Associated with Fueled Decommissioned Nuclear Powered Submarines....Pages 41-52
Risk Assessments for Non-Defuelled, Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines....Pages 53-64
The Present State and Problems of Radioecological Monitoring of the Pacific Fleet Objects and Territories....Pages 65-69
Assessment and Prediction of Radiation and Hygienic Consequences from Operation of Naval Nuclear Sites and Facilities....Pages 71-79
Analysis of Radioactivity Release from Second Generation Nuclear Submarine Reactor Compartment During Prolonged Storage Afloat After Unloading Spent Nuclear Fuel....Pages 81-85
Nuclear Risks of Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines with Non-Defueled Reactors....Pages 87-94
Possibilities for Reducing Radiation and Ecological Impact Upon Personnel and the Environment in the Course of Temporary Keeping, Scrapping, and Long-Term Storage of Nuclear Submarines....Pages 95-101
The BR3 Decommissioning project: A Pilot for Submarine Reactors....Pages 103-117
Front Matter....Pages 119-119
Methodology of Cost Assessment of Radiation Risk and Annual Man-Rem During Dismantling Work in Russian Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Industry....Pages 121-130
Alternatives for Disposition of Nuclear Facilities in the United States....Pages 131-136
Problems of Safe Application of Laser Technological Process for Disassembly of the Nuclear Installations of NSM....Pages 137-144
Comparative Estimation of Various Technologies of Nuclear-Powered Submarines Disintegration From The Point of View of Radiating and Ecological Safety....Pages 145-153
Risks Encountered in Nuclear Decommissioning and Their Applicability to Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning....Pages 155-164
Front Matter....Pages 119-119
Issues of Personnel Protection from Toxic Materials Penetrating into the Atmosphere of Working Sites Under Conditions of Nuclear Submarine Recycling....Pages 165-168
Front Matter....Pages 169-169
Geological Aspects of Handling of Radioactive Wastes (RAW) and Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) in Decomiviissioning of Nuclear Submarines (NS)....Pages 171-186
On the Possibility of Underwater Storage of Defueled Nuclear Submarine Reactor Compartments....Pages 187-199
Dynamic Modeling of Physical Phenomena for Probabilistic Assessment of Spent Fuel Accidents....Pages 201-215
A Potential Method for Stabilization and Packaging of Damaged Naval Spent Fuel....Pages 217-222
Risks Posed by out of Service Russian Nuclear Submarines and Proposed Methods to Minimize the Risks....Pages 223-235
Ecological Estimate of Various Methods for Handling Radioactive Materials and Constructions in Course of The NPS Utilization....Pages 237-242
Minimizing the Risks Associated With Low and Medium Activity Waste Processing and Disposal....Pages 243-247
Training as a Part of Risk Minimization Process and Staff Security....Pages 249-255
Principal Solutions on Environment Protection from the Spent Nuclear Fuel of Stationary and Transportable Nuclear Power Plants With the Use of Metal and Concrete Containers....Pages 257-260
Problems of Utilization of Cores and Nuclear Submarine Compartments with Lead - Bismuth Cooled Reactors....Pages 261-264
Front Matter....Pages 265-265
Assessment of Environmental Safety for Long Storage of Reactor Compartments Enclosing Radioactive Equipment of Nuclear Steam Supply System From Nuclear Submarines Being Utilized....Pages 267-281
Experience of the Nps Utilization at the Enterprise “Zvyozdochka” and Ecological Safety Problems....Pages 283-290
Design Support to Minimize the Risk of the Environmental Impact of Damaged Nuclear Steam-Generating Plants of Russian Nuclear Submarines During Their Long-Term Storage in Sarcophaguses....Pages 291-302
Nuclear Fuel Cycle for Russian Ship Spent Nuclear Fuel: Reprocessing or Direct Disposal?....Pages 303-311
Current State and Key Problems of Nuclear Submarine Utilization in Russia....Pages 313-316
Front Matter....Pages 317-317
Conclusions....Pages 319-322
Front Matter....Pages 323-323
Major Ecological Problems Related to Operation and Decommissioning of Nuclear Submarines....Pages 325-329
Radioecological Hazards from Decommissioning and Recycling of Nuclear Propelled Ships....Pages 331-337
Hazard of Accident and Wrecked Nuclear Powered Submarines: How Can the Mankind Solve the Problem?....Pages 339-353
Front Matter....Pages 323-323
Creation of Antimigration Barriers for Restoration of Aquifers Contaminated with Radwaste....Pages 355-359
Application of Laser Technology for Decontamination of Steels and Alloys Used in Nuclear Power Industry....Pages 361-363
Main Pospiton of Conception of the Underground Localization in Permafrost of Large-Sized Radiation-Dangerous Object (LSO) Formed in North-West Region of Russia....Pages 365-376
The Concept of Radioecologically Safe, Industrial Process for Recycling of Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines....Pages 377-382
Radioactive Waste Management at Enterprises of the Russian Ministry of Economy Conceptual Considerations....Pages 383-391
Legal and Technical-Standard Ensuring of Nuclear Powered Submarines Utilization in Russia....Pages 393-396
Iintegrated Method for Radiological Decontamination of Metal Surfaces and Treatment of Spent Solutions....Pages 397-403
Small Mobile Installation for Reprocessing of Radioactive Waste from Technological Circuits of Nuclear Power Facilities of Nuclear Submarines Subject to Recycling....Pages 405-418
Development of Safe Technologies for Handling Liquid Radioactive Waste at Naval Sites/Facilities: Experience and Prospects....Pages 419-424
Utilization of Europium-Containing Control Rods by Development of Gamma-Europium Sources....Pages 425-432
Basis for Diagnostics and Forecast of the State of Nuclear Wastes at the Bottom of the Barents and Kara Seas and the Sea of Japan. (Afterword to the “White Book”)....Pages 433-438
Back Matter....Pages 439-443
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