Ebook: Trace Metals in Sea Water

In recent years, rapid scientific advances have been shattering classical concepts of oceanic trace metals concentrations. Most of the data gathered before the mid-1970s have had to be discarded. Possible associations of organic and inorganic ligands with the metals were throwing views of metal speciation into great uncertainty. Biological effects of metals need to be re-examined after recent revelations of unsuspected metal contaminations in methodology. The investigations appear chaotic, yet exciting. It implies that a new order is going to replace the past. Now, an opportunity opens its door to a brave new world for the young generation of scientists to put metal chemistries in the oceans into perspectiveo This N. AoToO. International Conference on "Trace Metals in Sea Water" hoped to catalyze this exciting process of unifying various aspects of trace metals in sea water in future years o The Conference, in the form of an Advanced Research Institute supported by the Scientific Affairs Division of NoAoT. O. supple­ mented by further assistance of the UoS. Office of Naval "Research, was held at the "Ettore Majorana" Center for Scientific Culture in the medieval town of Erice on the island of Sicily, Italy from March 30 to April 3, 1981. It was the first organized gathering of international scientists in this specialized field. Seventy scientists with various expertise in different aspects of the subject were present: including those from NoAoT. Oo countries (Canada, France, F. R. Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, U. K.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiv
The Determination of the Chemical Species of Some of the “Hydride Elements” (Arsenic, Antimony, Tin and Germanium) in Seawater: Methodology and Results....Pages 1-19
Antimony Content and Speciation in the Water Column and Interstitial Waters of Saanich Inlet....Pages 21-38
Ultratrace Speciation and Biogenesis of Methyltin Transport Species in Estuarine Waters....Pages 39-72
The Relationship of the Distribution of Dissolved Selenium IV and VI in Three Oceans to Physical and Biological Processes....Pages 73-83
Trace Metals in the Arctic Ocean....Pages 85-95
Copper in Sub-Arctic Waters of the Pacific Northwest....Pages 97-112
Low Level Determination of Trace Metals in Arctic Sea Water and Snow by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry....Pages 113-130
The Relationship between Distributions of Dissolved Cadmium, Iron and Aluminium and Hydrography in the Central Arctic Ocean....Pages 131-142
Intercomparison of Seawater Sampling Devices for Trace Metals....Pages 143-154
The Analysis of Trace Metals in Biological Reference Materials: A Discussion of the Results of the Intercomparison Studies Conducted by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea....Pages 155-173
An Intercomparison of Sampling Devices and Analytical Techniques Using Sea Water from a CEPEX Enclosure....Pages 175-193
Role of Fresh Water/Sea Water Mixing on Trace Metal Adsorption Phenomena....Pages 195-208
Effects of Particle Size and Density on the Transport of Metals to the Oceans....Pages 209-226
The Effect of Sewage Effluents on the Flocculation of Major and Trace Elements in a Stratified Estuary....Pages 227-244
Impoverishment and Decrease of Metallic Elements Associated with Suspended Matter in the Gironde Estuary....Pages 245-263
The Significance of the River Input of Chemical Elements to the Ocean....Pages 265-296
Air-Sea Exchange of Mercury....Pages 297-315
Separation of Copper and Nickel by Low Temperature Processes....Pages 317-329
The Fate of Particles and Particle-Reactive Trace Metals in Coastal Waters: Radioisotope Studies in Microcosms....Pages 331-349
Trace Metals in a Landlocked Intermittently Anoxic Basin....Pages 351-366
Thorium Isotope Distributions in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific....Pages 367-378
Aspects of the Surface Distributions of Copper, Nickel, Cadmium, and Lead in the North Atlantic and North Pacific....Pages 379-394
Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd in the Western North Atlantic....Pages 395-414
Some Recent Measurements of Trace Metals in Atlantic Ocean Waters....Pages 415-426
Determination of the Rare Earth Elements in Sea Water....Pages 427-445
The Cycle of Living and Dead Particulate Organic Matter in the Pelagic Environment in Relation to Trace Metals....Pages 447-465
Trace Metal Levels in Sea Water from the Skagerrak and the Kattegat....Pages 467-473
Mercury Concentrations in the North Atlantic in Relation to Cadmium, Aluminium and Oceanographic Parameters....Pages 475-485
Perturbations of the Natural Lead Depth Profile in the Sargasso Sea by Industrial Lead....Pages 487-503
Copper, Nickel and Cadmium in the Surface Waters of the Mediterranean....Pages 505-512
Accurate and Precise Analysis of Trace Levels of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Ni in Sea Water by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry....Pages 513-536
Studies of the Chemical Forms of Trace Elements in Sea Water Using Radiotracers....Pages 537-562
Trace Metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd) in Anoxic Environments....Pages 563-577
The Behavior of Trace Metals in Marine Anoxic Waters: Solubilities at the Oxygen-Hydrogen Sulfide Interface....Pages 579-608
Variations of Dissolved Organic Copper in Marine Waters....Pages 609-620
Trace Metals Speciation in Nearshore Anoxic and Suboxic Pore Waters....Pages 621-641
The Contrasting Geochemistry of Manganese and Chromium in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean....Pages 643-669
Potentialities and Applications of Voltammetry in Chemical Speciation of Trace Metals in the Sea....Pages 671-697
Studies of Cadmium, Copper and Zinc Interactions with Marine Fulvic and Humic Materials in Seawater Using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry....Pages 699-717
Chemical Periodicity and the Speciation and Cycling of the Elements....Pages 719-750
Potentiometric and Conformational Studies of the Acid-Base Properties of Fulvic Acid from Natural Waters....Pages 751-772
Copper Speciation in Marine Waters....Pages 773-788
Plankton Compositions and Trace Element Fluxes from the Surface Ocean....Pages 789-809
Metals in Seawater as Recorded by Mussels....Pages 811-823
Trace Elements and Primary Production: Problems, Effects and Solutions....Pages 825-840
Trace Metals and Plankton in the Oceans: Facts and Speculations....Pages 841-869
Sensitivity of Natural Bacterial Communities to Additions of Copper and to Cupric Ion Activity: A Bioassy of Copper Complexation in Seawater....Pages 871-891
Back Matter....Pages 892-920

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiv
The Determination of the Chemical Species of Some of the “Hydride Elements” (Arsenic, Antimony, Tin and Germanium) in Seawater: Methodology and Results....Pages 1-19
Antimony Content and Speciation in the Water Column and Interstitial Waters of Saanich Inlet....Pages 21-38
Ultratrace Speciation and Biogenesis of Methyltin Transport Species in Estuarine Waters....Pages 39-72
The Relationship of the Distribution of Dissolved Selenium IV and VI in Three Oceans to Physical and Biological Processes....Pages 73-83
Trace Metals in the Arctic Ocean....Pages 85-95
Copper in Sub-Arctic Waters of the Pacific Northwest....Pages 97-112
Low Level Determination of Trace Metals in Arctic Sea Water and Snow by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry....Pages 113-130
The Relationship between Distributions of Dissolved Cadmium, Iron and Aluminium and Hydrography in the Central Arctic Ocean....Pages 131-142
Intercomparison of Seawater Sampling Devices for Trace Metals....Pages 143-154
The Analysis of Trace Metals in Biological Reference Materials: A Discussion of the Results of the Intercomparison Studies Conducted by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea....Pages 155-173
An Intercomparison of Sampling Devices and Analytical Techniques Using Sea Water from a CEPEX Enclosure....Pages 175-193
Role of Fresh Water/Sea Water Mixing on Trace Metal Adsorption Phenomena....Pages 195-208
Effects of Particle Size and Density on the Transport of Metals to the Oceans....Pages 209-226
The Effect of Sewage Effluents on the Flocculation of Major and Trace Elements in a Stratified Estuary....Pages 227-244
Impoverishment and Decrease of Metallic Elements Associated with Suspended Matter in the Gironde Estuary....Pages 245-263
The Significance of the River Input of Chemical Elements to the Ocean....Pages 265-296
Air-Sea Exchange of Mercury....Pages 297-315
Separation of Copper and Nickel by Low Temperature Processes....Pages 317-329
The Fate of Particles and Particle-Reactive Trace Metals in Coastal Waters: Radioisotope Studies in Microcosms....Pages 331-349
Trace Metals in a Landlocked Intermittently Anoxic Basin....Pages 351-366
Thorium Isotope Distributions in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific....Pages 367-378
Aspects of the Surface Distributions of Copper, Nickel, Cadmium, and Lead in the North Atlantic and North Pacific....Pages 379-394
Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd in the Western North Atlantic....Pages 395-414
Some Recent Measurements of Trace Metals in Atlantic Ocean Waters....Pages 415-426
Determination of the Rare Earth Elements in Sea Water....Pages 427-445
The Cycle of Living and Dead Particulate Organic Matter in the Pelagic Environment in Relation to Trace Metals....Pages 447-465
Trace Metal Levels in Sea Water from the Skagerrak and the Kattegat....Pages 467-473
Mercury Concentrations in the North Atlantic in Relation to Cadmium, Aluminium and Oceanographic Parameters....Pages 475-485
Perturbations of the Natural Lead Depth Profile in the Sargasso Sea by Industrial Lead....Pages 487-503
Copper, Nickel and Cadmium in the Surface Waters of the Mediterranean....Pages 505-512
Accurate and Precise Analysis of Trace Levels of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Ni in Sea Water by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry....Pages 513-536
Studies of the Chemical Forms of Trace Elements in Sea Water Using Radiotracers....Pages 537-562
Trace Metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd) in Anoxic Environments....Pages 563-577
The Behavior of Trace Metals in Marine Anoxic Waters: Solubilities at the Oxygen-Hydrogen Sulfide Interface....Pages 579-608
Variations of Dissolved Organic Copper in Marine Waters....Pages 609-620
Trace Metals Speciation in Nearshore Anoxic and Suboxic Pore Waters....Pages 621-641
The Contrasting Geochemistry of Manganese and Chromium in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean....Pages 643-669
Potentialities and Applications of Voltammetry in Chemical Speciation of Trace Metals in the Sea....Pages 671-697
Studies of Cadmium, Copper and Zinc Interactions with Marine Fulvic and Humic Materials in Seawater Using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry....Pages 699-717
Chemical Periodicity and the Speciation and Cycling of the Elements....Pages 719-750
Potentiometric and Conformational Studies of the Acid-Base Properties of Fulvic Acid from Natural Waters....Pages 751-772
Copper Speciation in Marine Waters....Pages 773-788
Plankton Compositions and Trace Element Fluxes from the Surface Ocean....Pages 789-809
Metals in Seawater as Recorded by Mussels....Pages 811-823
Trace Elements and Primary Production: Problems, Effects and Solutions....Pages 825-840
Trace Metals and Plankton in the Oceans: Facts and Speculations....Pages 841-869
Sensitivity of Natural Bacterial Communities to Additions of Copper and to Cupric Ion Activity: A Bioassy of Copper Complexation in Seawater....Pages 871-891
Back Matter....Pages 892-920
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