Ebook: Bifurcations and catastrophes : geometry of solutions to nonlinear problems

"Based on a lecture course at the Ecole Polytechnique (Paris), this text gives a rigorous introduction to many of the key ideas in nonlinear analysis, dynamical systems and bifurcation theory including catastrophe theory. Wherever appropriate it emphasizes a geometrical or coordinate-free approach which allows a clear focus on the essential mathematical structures. Taking a unified view, it brings out features common to different branches of the subject while giving ample references for more advanced or technical developments."--BOOK JACKET. Read more... Introduction Notation 1. Local Inversion 1.1 Introduction 1.2 A Preliminary Statement 1.3 Partial Derivatives. Strictly Differentiable Functions 1.4 The Local Inversion Theorem: General Statement 1.5 Functions of Class Cr 1.6 The Local Inversion Theorem for Cr maps 1.8 Generalizations of the Local Inversion Theorem 2. Submanifolds 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Definitions of Submanifolds 2.3 First Examples 2.4 Tangent Spaces of a Submanifold 2.5 Transversality: Intersections 2.6 Transversality: Inverse Images 2.7 The Implicit Function Theorem 2.8 Diffeomorphisms of Submanifolds 2.9 Parametrizations, Immersions and Embeddings 2.10 Proper Maps: Proper Embeddings 2.11 From Submanifolds to Manifolds 2.12 Some History 3. Transversality Theorems 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Countability Properties in Topology 3.3 Negligible Subsets 3.4 The Complement of the Image of a Submanifold 3.5 Sard's Theorem 3.6 Critical Points, Submersions and the Geometrical Form of Sard's Theorem 3.7 The Transversality Theorem: Weak Form 3.8 Jet Spaces 3.9 The Thom Transversality Theorem 3.10 Some History 4. Classification of Differentiable Functions 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Taylor Formulae Without Remainder 4.3 The Problem of Classification of Maps 4.4 Critical Points: the Hessian Form 4.5 The Morse Lemma 4.6 Fiburcations of Critical Points 4.7 Apparent Contour of a Surface in R3 4.8 Maps from R2 into R2. 4.9 Envelopes of Plane Curves 4.10 Caustics 4.11 Genericity and Stability 5. Catastrophe Theory 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Language of Germs 5.3 r-sufficient Jets; r-determined Germs 5.4 The Jacobian Ideal 5.5 The Theorem on Sufficiency of Jets 5.6 Deformations of a Singularity 5.7 The Principles of Catastrophe Theory 5.8 Catastrophes of Cusp Type 5.9 A Cusp Example 5.10 Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium 5.11 The Elementary Catastrophes5.12 Catastrophes and Controversies 6. Vector Fields 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Exemples of Vector Fields (Rn Case) 6.3 First Integrals 6.4 Vector Fields on Submanifolds 6.5 The Uniqueness Theorem and Maximal Integral Curves 6.6 Vector Fields on Submanifolds 6.7 One-parameter Groups of Diffeomorphisms 6.8 The Existence Theorem (Local Case) 6.9 The Existence Theorem (Global Case) 6.10 The Integral Flow of a Vector Field 6.11 The Main Features of a Phase Portrait 6.12 Discrete Flows and Continuous Flows 7. Linear Vector Fields 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Spectrum of an Endomorphism 7.3 Space Decomposition Corresponding to Partition of the Spectrum 7.4 Norm and Eigenvalues 7.5 Contracting, Expanding and Hyperbolic Endommorphisms 7.6 The Exponential of an Endomorphism 7.7 One-parameter Groups of Linear Transformations 7.8 The Image of the Exponential 7.9 Contracting, Expanding and Hyperbolic Exponential Flows 7.10 Topological Classification of Linear Vector Fields 7.11 Topological Classification of Automorphisms 7.12 Classification of Linear Flows in Dimension 2 8 Singular Pints of Vector Fields 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Classification Problem 8.3 Linearization of a Vector Field in the Neighbourhodd of a Singular Point 8.4 Difficulties with Linearization 8.5 Singularities with Attracting Linearization 8.6 Liapunov Theory 8.7 The Theorems of Grobman and Hartman 8.8 Stable and Unstable Manifolds of a Hyperbolic Singularity 8.9 Differentiable Linearization: Statement of the Problem 8.10 Differentiable Linearization: Resonances 8.11 Differentiable Linearization: The Theorems of Sternberg and Hartman 8.12 Linearization in Dimenension 2 8.13 Some Historical Landmarks 9 Closed Orbits - Structural Stability 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The Poincare Map 9.3 Characteristic Multipliers of a Closed Orbit 9.4 Attracting Closed Orbits 9.5 Classification of Closed Orbits and Classification of Diffeomorphisms 9.6 Hyperbolic Closed Orbits 9.7 Local Structural Stability 9.8 The Kupka-Smale Theorem 9.9 Morse-Smale Fields 9.10 Structural Stability Through the Ages 10. Bifurcations of Phase Portrait 10.1 Introduction 10.2 What Do We Mean by a Bifurcation? 10.3 The Centre Manifold Theorem 10.4 The Saddle-Node Bifurcation 10.5 The Hopf Bifurcation 10.6 Local Bifurcations Carried by a Closed Orbit 10.7 Saddle-node Bifurcation for a Closed Orbit 10.8 Period-doubling Bifurcation 10.9 Hopf-Bifurcation for a Closed Orbit 10.10 An Example of a Codimension 2 Bifurcation 10.11 An Example of Non-local Bifurcation References Index