Ebook: The quest for artificial intelligence : a history of ideas and achievements

Pain is a subject of significant scientific and clinical interest. This has resulted both from realistic rodent models, and the publication of imaging, psychological and pharmacological studies in humans. Investigators studying rodents refer to anatomical and physiological studies in non-human primates to make their results relevant to humans. Psychophysical and pharmacological studies in humans are interpreted in terms of anatomical and physiological studies in animals; primarily evidence from rodents and cats. There are significant differences in pain mechanisms between these species and primates. Over 20 years of imaging studies have demonstrated the activation of human cortical and subcortical structures in response to painful stimuli. Interpretation of these results relies upon an understanding of the anatomy and physiology of these structures in primates. Jones, Lenz, Casey and Willis review the anatomy and physiology of nociception in monkeys and humans, and provide a firm basis for interpreting studies in humans "Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field within computer science that is attempting to build enhanced intelligence into computer systems. This book traces the history of the subject, from the early dreams of eighteenth-century (and earlier) pioneers to the more successful work of today's AI engineers."--BOOK JACKET. Dreams and dreamers -- Clues -- Gatherings -- Pattern recognition -- Early heuristic programs -- Semantic representations -- Natural language processing -- 1960s' infrastructure -- Computer vision -- "Hand-eye" research -- Knowledge representation and reasoning -- Mobile robots -- Progress in natural language processing -- Game playing -- The Dendral Project -- Conferences, books, and funding -- Speech recognition and understanding systems -- Consulting systems -- Understanding queries and signals -- Progress in computer vision -- Boomtimes -- The Japanese create a stir -- DARPA's strategic computing program -- Speed bumps -- Controversies and alternative paradigms -- Reasoning and representation -- Other approaches to reasoning and representation -- Bayesian networks -- Machine learning -- Natural languages and natural scenes -- Intelligent system architectures -- Extraordinary achievements -- Ubiquitous artificial intelligence -- Smart tools -- The quest continues