The field of nuclear and radiochemistry is wide-reaching, with results having functions and use across a variety of disciplines. Drawing on 40 years of experience in teaching and research, this concise book explains the basic principles and applications of the primary areas of nuclear and radiochemistry. Separate chapters cover each main area of recent radiochemistry. This includes nuclear medicine and chemical aspects of nuclear power plants, namely the problems of nuclear wastes and nuclear analysis (both bulk and surface analysis), with the analytical methods based on the interactions of radiation with matter. Furthermore, special attention is paid to thermodynamics of radioisotope tracer methods, the very diluted system (carrier-free radioactive isotopes) and the principles of chemical processes with unsealed radioactive sources. This book will be helpful to students and researchers in chemistry, chemical engineering, environmental sciences, and specialists working in all fields of radiochemistry.
- Basic concepts are introduced and practical applications explained, providing a full view of the subject.
- Laboratory work with unsealed radiochemicals is discussed in details that can be applied in research and authority in the lab environment.
This concise book explains the basic principles and applications of the primary areas of nuclear and radiochemistry. Separate chapters cover each main area of recent radiochemistry. This includes nuclear medicine and chemical aspects of nuclear power plants, namely the problems of nuclear wastes and nuclear analysis (both bulk and surface analysis), with the analytical methods based on the interactions of radiation with matter. Special attention is paid to thermodynamics of radioisotope tracer methods, the very diluted system (carrier-free radioactive isotopes) and the principles of chemical processes with unsealed radioactive sources.
This book will be helpful to students and researchers in chemistry, chemical engineering, environmental sciences, and specialists working in all fields of radiochemistry.
• Basic concepts are introduced and practical applications explained, providing a full view of the subject.
• Laboratory work with unsealed radiochemicals is discussed in details that can be applied in research and authority in the lab environment.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Basic concepts
2.1 Atomic nuclei
2.2 Forces in nucleus
2.3 Other properties of nuclei
2.4 Elementary particles
2.5 Models of nuclei
3 Isotopes
3.1. Isotopic effects
3.2 Separation of isotopes
3.3 Isotope composition in the Nature
3.4 Study of geological formations and processes by stable isotope ratios
4 Radioactive decay
4.1 Kinetics of radioactive decay
4.2 Radioactive decay series
4.3. Radioactive dating
4.4 Mechanism of radioactive decay
5 Interaction of radiation with matter
5.1 Basic concepts
5.2 Interaction of alpha particles with matter
5.3 Interaction of beta radiation with matter
5.4 Interaction of y-radiation with matter
5.5 Interaction of neutrons with matter
6 Nuclear reactions
6.1 Kinetics of nuclear reactions
6.2 Classification of nuclear reactions
6.3 General scheme of radionuclide production by nuclear reactions and radioactive decay
6.4 Chemical effects of nuclear reactions
7 Nuclear energy production
7.1. Nuclear power plants
7.2 Accidents in nuclear power plants
7.3 Storage and treatment of spent fuel and other radioactive waste
7.4 New trends in nuclear energy production
7.5 Nuclear weapons
8 Radioactive tracer methods
8.1 History of radioactive tracer methods
8.2 Basic concepts
8.3. Selection of tracer
8.4. Position of labeling atom in molecule
8.5 General methods for preparation of radioactive tracers
8.6 Radioactive isotopes in tracer methods
8.7 Main steps of the production of unsealed radioactive preparations
8.8 Production of encapsulated radioactive preparations (sealed sources)
9 Physico-chemical application of radiotracer methods
9.1 Thermodynamic concept of classification (distribution of radioactive and stable isotopes)
9.2 Classification of tracer methods
9.3Physico-chemical applications of tracer methods
10 Nuclear analysis
10.1 Radioactive isotopes as tracers
10.2 Nuclear analytical methods using the interaction of radiation with matter
11 Industrial application of radioisotopes (Lajos Baranyai)
11.1 Tracer investigations with open radioisotopes
11.2 Absorption and scattering measurements with sealed radioactive sources
12 An Introduction to Nuclear Medicine (József Varga)
12.1 Fields of nuclear medicine
12.2 Role and aspects of applying radiotracers in medicine
12.3 In vitro diagnostics with radioisotopes
12.4 Radionuclide imaging
12.5 Some examples of gamma camera imaging procedures
12.6 Positronemission tomography
13 Environmental radioactivity
13.1 Natural radioactive isotopes
13.2 Anthropogenic radioactive isotopes
13.3. Occurrence of radioactive isotopes in the environment
13.4. Biological effects of radiation
14 Detection and measurement of radioactivity
14.1 Gas-filled tubes
14.2 Scintillation detectors
14.3 Semiconductor detectors
14.4 Electric circuits connected to detectors
14.5 Track and other detectors
14.6 Absolute measurement of decompositions
14.7 Statistics of radioactive decay
