Ebook: Passion and Restraint: Poles and Poland in Western Diplomacy, 1914–1921

How attitudes toward national character and emotions informed key decisions and helped shape the new international order.

Western policymakers knew little about Poland in 1914, but by the end of the First World War were drawing the new country’s borders, sending humanitarian aid, and imposing minority protections. Passion and Restraint examines how British, French, and American foreign policymakers interacted with Poles and the notion of an independent Poland.