Ebook: Ezochi of Northern Japan: From Outer Land to Inner Land

This dissertation explores the northern frontier of the Japanese state in the preMeiji periods in terms of both territory and frontier peoples. The thesis shows the
process how the China-centered worldview was replaced by the modern notion of
boundaries in late Tokugawa Japan. In other words, this study examines the process
in which Ezochi (present-day Hokkaido) became a part of Japan.

It was later published as a book titled "From Ainu World to Inner Japan: Changing Notions of Northern Boundaries in Tokugawa Japan" by Fumiko Horimoto