Ebook: 美国“新左派”史学研究

美国"新左派"史学是20世纪60年代前后在美国史坛发展起来的一个新的史学流派。它的出现，可以说是在史学方面对这一时期美国社会动荡不宁和阶级斗争尖锐化的反映。作为进入20世纪后美国史坛前后相继出现的三大史学流派之一，"新左派"史学从登上美国史坛的第一天起，就以其鲜明的个性和激进的史学观点吸引了人们的注意力。但从根本上看，别说和20世纪下半期以来势如潮水的社会科学史学诸派相比，就是与其前辈两个史学流派，即进步主义史学派和新保守主义史学派相比，"新左派"史学作为20世纪美国史学大家庭的重要一员，始终没有受到人们足够的重视。在美国史学界，有人认为他们的史学思想打开了一扇真正了解美国社会的窗口，而更多的人则认为他们只不过是比尔德"经济学派"的"学舌鹦鹉"而已，毫无创新意义可言。在国内，虽然从20世纪70年代末80年代初开始陆续出现了一些介绍美国"新左派"运动和史学的文章，但多属于译介性质，且多着眼于其整个史学内容的某个方面，真正全面系统地对"新左派"史学进行专题探讨与研究的论著寥若晨星，屈指可数。就笔者视野所及而言，迄今为止，除台湾地区辅仁大学历史研究所的林立树先生曾于70年代出版了其硕士论文《新左派对美国历史之解释》外，内地在这方面的专题研究可谓鲜见，迄今没有一本这方面的专著足可以说明问题了。这不能不说是我国美国史研究中的一件憾事。（American "New Left" historiography is a new school in historiography developed in American historiography around 1960s. Its appearance is a reflection in historiography, in that period American Society was in turmoil and the class struggle was acute. As one of the three major schools in historiography successively appearing in American historiography after entering the twentieth century, "New Left" historiography attracted people's attention with its distinct character and radical historical viewpoint since the first day it appeared in American historiography. But fundamentally, don't compare with schools of social science history, which came with tremendous force in the second half of the twentieth century, even compare with two senior schools in historiography, namely progressivism historiography school and neo-conservatism historiography school, "New Left" historiography is an important member of American historiography family in the twentieth century, people have never paid enough attention to it all the time. In American historiography, some people think that their historical thoughts open a window really understanding American Society, and more people think they are only "the parrot" of Beard's "school of economics", there is no innovation and significance. In China, although there were some articles introducing American "New Left" movement and historiography since the end of 1970s and the beginning of 1980s, but they belong to the translation nature, and mostly aim at some aspects of the whole historical contents, the works truly conducting special discussion and research to "New Left" historiography comprehensively and systematically are as few as stars in the morning and can be counted on fingers. In terms of the writer's view, up to now, except Mr. Lin Lishu in Institute of Historical Research of Fu Jen Catholic University in Taiwan published his master's thesis Interpretation of New Left to American History in 1970s, the special research in this respect is rare in mainland China, there is no one monograph in this respect till now, it is enough to illustrate the problem. It is a pity of our country in the study of American history.）