Ebook: Embedded system design: embedded systems foundations of cyber-physical systems

Specifications and Modeling; Embedded System Hardware; System Software; Evaluation and Validation; Application mapping; Optimization; Test; Integer linear programming; Kirchhoff's laws and operational amplifiers.;Until the late 1980s, information processing was associated with large mainframe computers and huge tape drives. During the 1990s, this trend shifted toward information processing with personal computers, or PCs. The trend toward miniaturization continues and in the future the majority of information processing systems will be small mobile computers, many of which will be embedded into larger products and interfaced to the physical environment. Hence, these kinds of systems are called embedded systems. Embedded systems together with their physical environment are called cyber-physical systems.