Ebook: Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) Provider Handbook

The goal of Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is to achieve the best possible outcome for patients who are experiencing a lifethreatening
cardiac event. ACLS is a series of responses to discrete clinical events. These responses are designed to be simple enough to be
committed to memory and recalled under moments of stress. ACLS protocols have been developed from thorough review of basic research,
patient case studies, clinical studies, and reflect the consensus opinion of experts in the field. The gold standard in the United States and other
countries is the course curriculum published by the American Heart Association (AHA). Approximately every five years the AHA updates the
guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC). The content contained herein is based on the
most recent AHA publication on ACLS and will periodically compare old versus new recommendations for a more comprehensive review. 1
IMPORTANT: Refer to the Basic Life Support (BLS) Provider Handbook, presented by NHCPS, for a more comprehensive review of
the BLS Survey if warranted. This handbook specifically covers ACLS algorithms and only briefly describes BLS. All ACLS providers
are assumed to be able to perform BLS appropriately. While this guide covers BLS basics, it is recommended that ACLS providers be
proficient in BLS first.
While ACLS providers should always be mindful of timeliness, it is important to provide the intervention that most appropriately fits the needs
of the patient. Proper utilization of ACLS requires rapid and accurate assessment of the patient's condition. This not only applies to the
provider's initial assessment of a patient in distress, but also to reassessment throughout the course of treatment with ACLS.
ACLS protocols assume the provider may not have all of the information needed from the victim and resources needed to properly utilize
ACLS in all cases. For example, if a provider is utilizing ACLS on the side of the road, they will not have access to sophisticated devices to
measure breathing or arterial blood pressure. In these situations, ACLS providers have the framework to provide the best possible care in the
given circumstances. Again, the algorithms are based on past performance in similar life-threatening cases and are intended to achieve the
best possible outcome for the patient during emergency. The foundation of all algorithms involve the systematic approach of the BLS Survey
(using steps 1, 2, 3, 4) and the ACLS Survey (using steps A, B, C, D).