Ebook: Practical homicide investigation: tactics, procedures, and forensic techniques

19. The news media in homicide investigations -- Establishing a news media policy -- Building a relationship with the news media -- Homicide news release policy -- Offering rewards -- Handling the news media at the scene -- Preparing the news release -- Handling questions during news conferences -- Conclusion -- Selected reading.;4. The preliminary investigation at the scene : the detectives -- Initial receipt of information -- Arrival at the scene -- Preliminary steps to be taken by detectives upon arrival -- checklist -- Describing the scene -- Implementing crime scene procedures -- Direction of uniformed personnel at the scene -- The teamwork approach -- Directing the investigation at the scene -- Duties of the detective supervisor on arrival at the scene -- Preliminary interview of the first officer -- Interview of ambulance personnel -- Handling curious onlookers -- Handling witnesses at the scene -- The canvass -- The preliminary medical examination at the scene -- Special procedure to follow in specific cases -- Case examples -- Conclusion -- Reference.;15. Homosexual homicides -- Introduction -- Homosexual relationships -- Homosexual lifestyles -- investigative considerations -- Interpersonal violence-oriented disputes and assaults -- Murders involving forced anal rape and/or sodomy -- Lust murders and other acts of sexual perversion -- Homosexual serial murders -- Investigative significance -- Psychological considerations -- Robbery-homicide of homosexuals -- Homophobic assault and "gay-bashing" incidents -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.;12. Modes of death -- Gunshot wounds -- The projectile striking the body -- The nature and extent of gunshot wounds -- Smudging or smoke -- Searing -- Tattooing or stippling -- Reentry -- Ricocheting -- Shotgun wounds -- Contact wounds -- Bullet track -- Cutting wounds -- Stabbing wounds -- Blunt force injuries -- Lacerations -- Chopping wounds -- Deaths by asphyxia -- Strangulation -- Investigative considerations -- Hanging -- Drowning -- Inhalation of poison gases -- Suffocation -- General forms of suffocation -- Deaths by fire -- Severity of burn injuries -- Investigative considerations -- Scalding burns -- Arson -- Poisons -- Deaths caused by injections -- Sexual asphyxia : the phenomenon of autoerotic fatalities -- Introduction -- Preliminary investigation at the scene -- Atypical autoerotic deaths -- Asphyxial deaths -- the pathology of autoerotic death -- The reality of asphyxial death -- videotaped cases -- Equivocal death investigations -- Sexual asphyxia -- the psychosexual aspects of autoerotic activity -- Female victims of autoerotic fatality -- Equivocal death investigation -- Crime scene -- The victim -- Investigative considerations -- Opinion -- Results -- Notifying and advising the surviving family of the mode of death -- Investigative considerations -- Determining the involvement of sexual asphyxia : autoerotic checklist -- Summary -- References -- Selected reading.;17. Collection of evidence -- Procedures for collection of evidence -- General types of evidence -- Classifications of physical evidence -- Class evidence -- Individualistic evidence -- Collection of specific types of evidence -- Body materials -- Blood -- Semen -- Urine -- Saliva or spittle -- Feces -- Vomit -- Tissue -- Hair -- Objects -- Bullets -- Discharged casings or cartridges -- Shotgun shells -- Live cartridges or rounds of ammunition -- Shotgun wadding -- Weapons -- Firearms -- Fibers -- Fabric -- Cigarette/cigar butts -- Displaced furniture -- Soil -- Tools -- Vehicles -- Clothing -- Documents (letters, notes, papers) -- Glass -- Impressions -- Fingerprint examination -- Tire tracks and footprints -- Tool marks -- Bite marks -- Bullet holes -- Newly damaged areas -- References -- Selected reading.;1. The homicide crime scene -- The five components of practical homicide investigation -- The crime scene -- At the crime scene -- The homicide investigation starts at the crime scene -- Determining the dimensions of the homicide crime scene -- Protecting the crime scene -- The crime scene sign-in sheet -- The preliminary investigation at the primary crime scene -- Victimology -- Equivocal death investigations -- The staged crime scene -- Introduction -- Types of crime scene staging -- Example of homicide made to appear an accident -- Examples of a homicide made to appear sex related -- Conclusion -- Investigative strategies -- Selected reading.;"Renowned for being the definitive source of homicide investigation, Practical Homicide Investigation: Tactics, Procedures, and Forensic Techniques emphasizes essential procedures, combines detailed techniques with instructive case studies, and outlines the foundation on which to build a solid, prosecutable case. The book features two new chapters along with major revisions of those from the previous edition. In addition it contains 675 photos and illustrations - including 300 new entries that incorporate depictions of wound structures and procedures that portray exactly what to do and how to do it. All illustrations are presented in full color, including new medical-legal drawings for instruction and courtroom testimony."--Publisher's description.;8. The homicide crime scene search -- Legal considerations -- Warrantless searches where suspect shares possessory right to premises -- Practical example of reasonableness : offices arriving at scene of violent crime -- Physical evidence -- Types of physical evidence -- The concept of linkage -- Methods of crime scene search -- Formulating the search -- The homicide kit -- Crime scene integrity kit -- Evidence collection tools -- Fingerprint kit -- Photography kit -- Sketching and mapping kit -- Casting kit -- Evidence collection containers -- Lasers and alternate light sources (ALS) -- The search -- Examination of the body at the scene -- Bloodstain pattern analysis -- Release of the body -- The scene -- Processing a vehicle (see chapter 17) -- Examining the outdoor scene -- Examples of evidence found outdoors -- Examination of an outdoor scene at night -- Physical examination of a suspect in custody -- Gunshot residue testing -- Release of the scene -- Crime scene process protective equipment and clothing -- Antiputrefaction masks -- Crime scene protocol for protection from airborne pathogens and other biohazards -- Communicable diseases : required precautions -- Decontamination of equipment -- Decontamination of clothing -- Precautions -- Prevention -- Exposure of first responders -- Exposure to blood-borne diseases -- Infection control techniques -- Universal precautions -- Body substance isolation -- Exposure treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.;10. The identity of the deceased -- The identification -- Identification at the scene -- Personal identification -- Clothing and possessions -- Identification by photographs -- Description of the body -- Clothing -- Jewelry and watches -- Fingerprints -- Obtaining fingerprints from dead bodies -- Mass fatality events -- The World Trace Center attack -- Mass fatality considerations -- DNA testing in the identification of WTC victims -- The Iceman case -- Dr. Zugibe's medical evaluation -- Forensic evaluation -- The teeth -- Age -- General facial characteristics -- Race -- Socioeconomic group -- Occupation or habits -- Positive identification -- Bite-mark identification -- Inquiries relative to forensic odontology -- The bones -- Age -- Sex -- Race -- Height and other individual characteristics -- Determination of cause of death -- Determination of whether bones are human or animal -- Examination of bones -- Facial reconstruction -- Forensic art -- Introduction to forensic art -- Four categories of forensic art -- Forensic art in identification of human remains -- Postmortem drawing -- Two-dimensional facial reconstruction from the skull -- Three-dimensional facial reconstruction on the skull -- Methods of superimposition -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.;22. Equivocal death investigation -- Equivocal death investigations -- Initiating the investigation -- Case number 1 : an equivocal death and staged crime scene -- making a homicide appear to be a suicide -- Introduction -- The crime scene -- The police investigation -- The autopsy -- Consultative analysis -- Investigative considerations -- Victimology -- Investigative issues -- Critique of police investigation -- Forensic pathologist report -- Evaluation of the weapon and the wound structure -- Response to insurance company medical expert -- Opinion -- Case number 2 : an equivocal death investigation with staged crime scene death classified as undetermined manner -- Introduction -- The initial police investigation -- Initial detective investigation -- Initial medical examiner investigation -- Autopsy findings -- The follow-up medical examiner investigation -- The follow-up police investigation -- Investigative assessment and analysis -- Initial response -- Review of the police and medical examiner investigators' reports -- The ligature -- Victimology -- Conclusion -- Case number 3 : an equivocal death -- homicide or suicide? -- Introduction -- Case facts -- U.S. Army autopsy report case# ME98-006 -- USACID position -- Second medicolegal examination requested by family -- Investigative assessment and analysis -- NYS medicolegal analysis conducted for the National Guard -- Preliminary consultative reports -- USACID follow-up -- Medical significance of the wound structures -- Review of medicolegal findings -- Final report -- Conclusion -- Opinion -- Case number 4 : staged crime scene -- homicide or suicide? -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.;7. The crime scene sketch -- The sketch -- Preparing the crime scene sketch -- Utilizing aerial photographs for mapping outdoor crime scenes -- The "total station" crime scene reconstruction program -- Definition -- Operation -- Practical application -- Reference -- Selected reading.;13. Suicide investigation -- Risk factors -- Depression : a clinical perspective -- Emotional symptoms -- Cognitive symptoms -- Motivational symptoms -- Somatic symptoms -- Clinical scenario -- Other motives for suicide -- The investigation -- Staging a scene -- Investigative considerations -- The weapon -- Wounds -- Medicolegal analysis -- Summary -- Bizarre suicides -- Suicide by blasting cap -- Suicide by fireplace -- Attempted suicide -- self-mutilation -- Barrel of gun in suicide victim's head -- Equivocal death investigations -- Motives and intent -- Suicide notes -- Background information -- Psychological autopsy -- Warning signs -- Extreme danger signs -- Investigative considerations -- Evaluation of the wounds -- Psychological state of the victim -- Any prior mental disease or defect -- Final exit suicide investigations -- Introduction -- Synopsis of contents -- Investigative considerations -- Letters to be written -- Police investigation -- Self-deliverance via the plastic bag -- Police investigation -- The final act -- Police investigation -- Investigative checklist for final exit cases -- Recommendations -- Conclusion -- Staged crime scenes involving final exit -- Suicide-by-cop -- Introduction -- Example -- Early example -- Clinical interpretations -- The psychopathology of suicide-by-cop scenarios -- Hostage situations -- Psychological ramifications for police offices involved in suicide-by-cop incidents -- The racial component in police-related shooting incidents -- Investigative considerations -- References -- Selected reading.;16. Forensic application of DNA analysis -- Introduction -- Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA -- The cell -- Molecular biology of the cell -- Structure and function of DNA -- Nuclear DNA -- Y-chromosomal DNA -- Mitochondrial DNA -- Techniques and procedures in forensic DNA analysis -- Collection and preservation of biological evidence -- Scheduling analysis -- DNA extraction -- Differential DNA extraction -- DNA quantification -- DNA amplification (polymerase chain reaction) -- Multiplex PCR analysis -- STR multiplex PCR analysis -- Amplification of mtDNA -- DNA detection and analysis -- STR DNA analysis -- mtDNA analysis -- STR DNA databases -- Population statistics -- CODIS -- National missing persons DNA database -- The choice of analysis -- Admissibility of DNA evidence -- Laboratory accreditation -- Forensic DNA case studies -- Victim identification -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.;24. Practical homicide investigation : supervision and management of the homicide investigation -- Management policy -- Police department policy -- Criminal investigation management -- Specialization, generalization, or rotation -- Major pitfalls to practical homicide case management -- Procedures for effective management and supervision of homicide investigation -- Supervisor's homicide checklist -- Supervising the preliminary investigation at the scene -- Directing specific investigative duties -- Supervising homicide crime scene search -- Providing for the effective documentation of events -- Case management -- Documentation -- First day of investigation -- Indexing the homicide investigation -- Conducting the investigative conference -- Investigation of police-related shootings (OIS/use of deadly force incidents) -- Protocol -- I. Introduction -- II. Assigning investigative responsibility -- III. Investigation of OIS/use of deadly force incident -- IV. Interview of employees involved -- V. Taped interview of employees involved -- VI. Follow-up investigation -- VII. Background investigation -- VIII. Preparation of investigative report -- IX. Conclusion -- Checklist -- Apprehension of homicide fugitives -- Use of wanted posters -- Distribution of photographs and information flyers to patrol -- Cell phones -- Pagers -- Planning the apprehension -- Assessment of physical hazards -- The tactical plan -- The tactical operation -- Notification to central communications by land line -- Hospital -- Personnel -- Briefing -- Equipment -- Cold case investigations -- Conclusion -- Epilogue -- References -- Glossary -- Index.;18. The autopsy -- The medical examiner/coroner -- Investigation of death -- Cause, mechanism, and manner of death -- Practical application of terminology -- Purpose of the autopsy -- Investigative information provided by the autopsy -- The medicolegal autopsy -- Examination of the crime scene -- Identification of the body -- External examination of the body -- Preliminary procedure -- The external examination -- Internal examination of the body -- The head -- The chest -- The abdomen -- The pelvic cavity -- The protocol -- Summary -- Human anatomy -- Directional terms -- Body cavities -- Dorsal cavity -- Ventral cavity -- Quadrants -- The skeletal system -- The heart -- References -- Selected reading.;6. The crime scene photographs -- The value of crime scene photographs -- Crime scene photography and the investigator -- Admissibility of photographic evidence -- Photographing the homicide crime scene -- Outdoor locations -- Indoor locations -- The body -- Suspects -- Type of film -- Recommended crime scene photographs -- Practical application of crime scene photography -- The World Trade Center attack -- The Polaroid Macro 5 SLR camera -- The Panoscan MK-3 digital panoramic camera system -- Examples -- Videotaping -- Advantages of videotaping -- Purpose of videotaping the crime scene -- Recommended procedure -- Videotape protocol -- Arrival at scene -- Taping protocol -- Videotaping suspect statements -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.;14. The investigation of sex-related homicides -- Introduction -- The crime scene investigation -- Sex-related crime scene checklist -- Method for diagnosing abrasions, lacerations, and other skin disruptions in the perineum and perianal areas -- Human sexuality and sexual deviance -- Determining motivation -- Significance of fantasy in sex-related incidents -- Organized and disorganized offenders -- The organized offender -- The disorganized offender -- Classifications -- Interpersonal violence-oriented disputes and assaults -- Rape- and/or sodomy-oriented assault -- Investigative strategy -- Categories of rapists -- Deviant-oriented assault -- the lust murder -- Anatomy of lust murder -- Psychodynamics -- The serial murder -- The serial killer profile -- Organized serial killer activities -- Disorganized serial killer activities -- Serial murder investigation -- Command responsibility -- Linkage blindness -- Typical serial killer murder task force -- The typical serial killer -- Three main methods used to link murders -- Investigative considerations -- A clinical perspective -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.;21. Investigative assessment : criminal personality profiling -- Introduction -- History of profiling -- Application of abnormal psychology -- Criminal personality profile -- The purpose of the profile -- When profiling can be productive -- Factors that can be determined by a criminal personality profile -- The investigative approach to profiling -- Investigative assessment -- the profiling process -- Clinical considerations and descriptions of behavior -- The psychopathic personality -- Psychotic personality (the psychosis) -- Sexual sadism (302.84 DSM-IV) -- Psychopathic sexual sadists -- Crime scene and profile : characteristics of organized and disorganized murderers -- The organized offender -- General behavior characteristics -- Ted Bundy : serial killer -- offender profile -- Offender profile program -- Background -- Investigative analysis -- Postcrime behavior -- Conclusion -- Additional information on Ted Bundy -- Investigative considerations -- John Robinson serial murder case -- Overland Park Police information -- Missing persons' cases -- Lenexa Police investigation -- Tactics -- Background information -- Investigative information -- Internet information -- Additional information -- Robinson, the "slave master" -- Vickie -- Jeanna -- Investigative break -- Second investigative break -- Investigative status in May 2001 -- Tactical decision -- The arrest and execution of search warrants -- Search of the Kansas storage locker -- The Linn County search -- Raymore, Missouri, storage unit -- Sheila and Debbie -- Beverly -- Task force investigation revelations -- Bizarre twist in the case -- Disposition -- Acknowledgments -- The disorganized offender -- General behavior characteristics -- Criminal personality profiling -- the signature aspect in criminal investigation -- Clinical perspective -- Investigative perspective -- Linkage blindness -- Investigation application of the "signature" aspect -- Signature aspect -- Signature aspect -- Signature aspect -- The suspect -- Evidence -- Signature aspect of the crimes -- Practical examples of signature activity²¹ -- Conclusion -- Geographic profiling -- Investigative elements to consider in geographic profiling -- Investigative elements in the criminal case assessment process -- Types of crime locations -- Investigative considerations -- The police investigation -- A psychology of evil -- A model for a psychology of evil -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.;9. Estimating time of death -- The process of dying -- Body changes after death -- External agents of change -- Insects -- Plants -- Animals -- Bodies in water -- Information derived from the scene -- Conclusion -- Selected reading.;3. First officer's duties : specific -- The suspect in custody -- Transporting the suspect -- Examination of the suspect for evidence -- The dying declaration -- The victim removed to the hospital -- The victim pronounced DOA at the hospital -- The officer's duties at the hospital -- The victim confirmed DOA at the scene -- Handling witnesses at the scene -- Additional officers at the scene -- Handling news media personnel at the scene -- The documentation of events by the first office -- The changing sequence of command -- Patrol office's checklist -- Initial call/receipt of information -- Arrival at the homicide crime scene -- Protection of the crime scene -- Notifications -- Preliminary investigation -- Suspect in custody -- Suicide and accidental death.;23. Narcotics-related homicides -- Introduction -- The drug-related murder : the investigative dilemma -- The drug-related murder and the investigative reality -- The three-phase strategy -- Phase 1 -- the homicide crime scene -- Phase 2 -- the application of drug intelligence -- Phase 3 -- crime clearance procedures -- Conclusion -- Reference.;11. Death notifications : the surviving family as secondary victims -- Psychological reactions to death -- The normal grieving process -- The stages of grief -- Psychological reactions to murder -- Psychological reactions to murdered children -- Psychological reactions to the murder of police officers -- Notifications of death by the homicide detective -- Recommendations and guildelines for proper death notifications to surviving family members -- Providing information to the surviving family -- Guiding the surviving family through the criminal justice system -- Conclusion -- Victim's assistance organizations -- References -- Selected reading.;5. Specific investigative duties at the scene -- The suspect in custody -- Interview and interrogation of the suspect in custody -- Examination of a suspect for evidence -- Evaluation of the suspect's demeanor and mental capacity -- Obtaining a dying declaration -- Questions to be asked in a dying declaration -- Documentation of the dying declaration -- Handling buried-body cases -- The discovery of the buried body -- Initial response -- The excavation -- The body -- Search for a buried body -- The investigation checklist -- Documentation of the initial report -- Initial receipt of information -- Arrival at the homicide -- death scene -- Preliminary inspection of the body at the crime scene -- Implementing crime scene control procedures -- Initiating a crime scene log -- Establishing a policy for crime scene integrity -- Establishing a command post or temporary headquarters -- Emergency medical service (EMS) and ambulance personnel -- Initiating a canvass -- Weapons -- The suspect in custody -- Suspect in custody : interrogation at the scene -- A.D.A.P.T. -- Documentation of crime scene photographs -- Recommended crime scene photographs -- The crime scene sketch -- The crime scene search -- Dusting for fingerprints -- Description of the deceased -- Preliminary medical examination at the scene -- Victim -- hospital information -- Evidence process and control procedures -- Release of the homicide crime scene -- Suicide investigation -- investigative considerations -- Evaluation of the wounds -- Psychological state of the victim -- Any prior mental disease or defect -- Recognized warning signs in suicides -- Extreme danger signs in suicides -- Autoerotic fatalities (accidental asphyxia) -- Investigative considerations -- Investigating fatal fires -- The investigative considerations -- The fire incident -- Suspicious designation : general determination factors -- Maintenance of the fire crime scene -- Investigation at the scene -- Determination of arson -- Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) -- Investigative checklist -- Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) warning signs -- References -- Reading.;2. First officer's duties : general -- Notification of a possible homicide : the official notification to the police -- First notification of homicide received in person by patrol officer -- First officer's duties on arrival at the scene -- Protection of life -- Safeguarding the scene and detaining witnesses or suspects -- The first officer initiates the homicide investigation -- Dealing with emergencies at the scene -- Conclusion -- Selected reading.;20. Identification of suspects -- Bite-mark identification -- The bite mark -- Collection of bite-mark evidence at the scene -- Photographs of the bite-mark wound -- Saliva washings -- Interpretation of the bite-mark evidence -- Examination of the bite mark -- Summary -- Hypnosis -- What is hypnosis? -- Psychodynamics -- Value to the investigator -- Shortcomings of hypnosis -- Summary -- Latent prints on human skin -- General considerations -- Procedures -- Fingerprint from human skin using the Magna-brush technique -- Polygraph examinations -- The examination -- Possible subjects for polygraph examinations -- Subjects that cannot be tested -- Investigator's duties prior to the examination -- Polygraph procedures -- Summary -- Psycholinguistics -- What is psycholinguistic analysis? -- Methodology -- Psycholinguistics as an investigative tool -- Utilizing psycholinguistic analysis -- Summary -- Psychics -- What is a psychic? -- Police and psychics -- Summary -- Munchausen syndrome by proxy -- Introduction -- Munchausen syndrome -- history and application -- Munchausen syndrome by proxy -- history and application -- The investigative response -- Team approach -- Collection of evidence -- Interviewing the Munchausen syndrome-related offender -- Summary -- Homicides involving theft of a fetus -- Introduction -- Infant abductions -- infant cut from mother's womb -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- Case 4 -- Case 5 -- Case 6 -- Case 7 -- Attempted theft of fetus offender killed by victim mother -- Case 8 -- Attempt theft of fetus -- offender arrested -- Case 9 -- Investigative assessment and analysis -- The offender profile -- Offender motive -- Abduction investigative strategies -- Police response -- Detective response -- Additional information -- Summary -- Stalkers -- Introduction -- Stalkers -- Orders of protection -- Anti-stalker legislation -- Types of stalkers -- The psychopathic personality stalker -- The psychotic personality stalker -- Erotomania involving obsessed fans and stalkers -- Law enforcement response to stalker incidents -- Summary -- VICAP, statewide and regional information systems -- The Violent Criminal Apprehension Program -- VICAP -- Profiling and consultation program -- The regional organized crime information center -- Submission of cases -- The homicide investigation and tracking system -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Selected reading -- Bite mark identification -- Hypnosis -- Latent prints on human skin -- Psycholinguistics -- Psychics -- Munchausen syndrome by proxy -- Stalkers -- VICAP, state-wide and regional information systems.