Ebook: Larone's medically important fungi: a guide to identification

Aspergillus nidulans (asexual state); Emericella nidulans (sexual state) -- Aspergillus glaucus (asexual state); Eurotium herbariorum (sexual state) -- Aspergillus terreus -- Aspergillus clavatus -- Penicillium spp. -- Paecilomyces spp. -- Scopulariopsis spp. -- TABLE 27 Differential characteristics of Paecilomyces variotii versus P. lilacinus -- TABLE 28 Differential characteristics of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis versus S. brumptii -- Gliocladium sp. -- Trichoderma sp. -- Beauveria bassiana -- Verticillium sp. -- Acremonium (formerly Cephalosporium) spp. -- Fusarium spp. -- Lecythophora spp. -- Trichothecium roseum -- Chrysosporium spp. -- TABLE 29 Differential characteristics of Chrysosporium versus Sporotrichum -- Sporotrichum pruinosum -- Sepedonium sp. -- Chrysonilia sitophila (formerly Monilia sitophila) -- PART III -- Basics of Molecular Methods for Fungal Identification -- Introduction -- Molecular Terminology -- Overview of Classic Molecular Identification Methods -- Fungal Targets -- Selected Current Molecular Methodologies -- Amplification and Non-Sequencing-Based Identification Methods -- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) -- Nested PCR -- Real-time PCR -- Melting curve analysis -- Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) -- TaqMan 5 nuclease -- Molecular beacons -- Microarray -- Repetitive-element PCR (rep-PCR) -- Sequencing-Based Identification Methods -- Sanger sequencing -- Pyrosequencing -- DNA barcoding -- Applications of DNA Sequencing -- Accurate method identification -- Phylogenetic analysis -- Organism typing -- Commercial Platforms and Recently Developed Techniques.;List of Tables -- Preface to the Fifth Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Acknowledgments -- How To Use the Guide -- Use of Reference Laboratories -- Safety Precautions -- PART I -- Direct Microscopic Examination of Clinical Specimens -- Introduction -- Histological Terminology -- Tissue Reactions to Fungal Infection -- Stains -- TABLE 1 Stains for direct microscopic observation of fungi and/or filamentous bacteria in tissue -- Guide to Interpretation of Direct Microscopic Examination -- Detailed Descriptions -- Actinomycosis -- Mycetoma, Actinomycotic or Eumycotic -- Nocardiosis -- Zygomycosis -- Aspergillosis -- Miscellaneous Hyalohyphomycoses -- Dermatophytosis -- Tinea versicolor -- Tinea nigra -- Phaeohyphomycosis -- Chromoblastomycosis -- Sporotrichosis -- Histoplasmosis capsulati -- Penicilliosis marneffei -- Blastomycosis -- Paracoccidioidomycosis -- Candidiasis (Candidosis) -- Trichosporonosis -- Cryptococcosis -- Pneumocystosis -- Protothecosis -- Coccidioidomycosis -- Rhinosporidiosis -- Adiaspiromycosis -- Special References -- PART II -- Identification of Fungi in Culture -- Guide to Identification of Fungi in Culture -- Detailed Descriptions -- Filamentous Bacteria -- Introduction -- TABLE 2 Differentiation of filamentous aerobic actinomycetes encountered in clinical specimens -- Nocardia spp. -- TABLE 3 Phenotypic characteristics of most common clinically encountered Nocardia spp. -- Streptomyces spp. -- Actinomadura spp. -- Nocardiopsis dassonvillei -- Yeasts and Yeastlike Organisms -- Introduction -- Candida albican -- TABLE 4 Characteristics of the genera of clinically encountered yeasts and yeastlike organisms -- Candida dubliniensis -- TABLE 5 Characteristics of Candida spp. most commonly encountered in the clinical laboratory -- TABLE 6 Characteristics that assist in differentiating Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans -- Candida tropicalis -- Candida parapsilosis complex -- Candida lusitaniae -- Candida krusei -- TABLE 7 Differentiating characteristics of Blastoschizomyces capitatus versus Candida krusei -- TABLE 8 Differentiating characteristics of C. krusei, C. inconspicua, and C. norvegensis -- Candida kefyr (formerly Candida pseudotropicalis) -- Candida rugosa -- Candida guilliermondii complex -- TABLE 9 Differentiating characteristics of Candida guilliermondii versus Candida famata -- Candida lipolytica -- Candida zeylanoides -- Candida glabrata -- Cryptococcus neoformans -- Cryptococcus gattii -- TABLE 10 Characteristics of Cryptococcus spp. -- TABLE 11 Characteristics of yeasts and yeastlike organisms other than Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. -- Rhodotorula spp. -- Sporobolomyces salmonicolor -- Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Wickerhamomyces anomalus (formerly Pichia anomala and Hansenula anomala) (sexual state); Candida pelliculosa (asexual state) -- Malassezia spp. -- Malassezia pachydermatis -- Ustilago sp. -- Prototheca spp. -- Trichosporon spp. -- TABLE 12 Key characteristics of the most common clinically encountered Trichosporon spp. -- Blastoschizomyces capitatus -- Geotrichum candidum -- Thermally Dimorphic Fungi -- Introduction -- Histoplasma capsulatum -- Blastomyces dermatitidis -- Paracoccidioides brasiliensis -- Penicillium marneffei -- Sporothrix schenckii complex -- TABLE 13 Characteristics for differentiating species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex.;Davise H. Larone is well known as the originator of the book that many readers have come to rely upon for assistance in the accurate identification of fungi from patient specimens, a key step in treating mycotic infections. Dr. Larone has now been joined by Thomas J. Walsh and Randall T. Hayden to update this gold standard reference while retaining the format that has made this guide so popular for more than 40 years.;Thermally Monomorphic Moulds -- Zygomycetes -- Introduction -- TABLE 14 Differential characteristics of similar organisms in the class Zygomycetes -- TABLE 15 Differential characteristics of the clinically encountered Rhizopus spp. -- Rhizopus spp. -- Mucor spp. -- Rhizomucor spp. -- Lichtheimia corymbifera complex (formerly Absidia corymbifera) -- Apophysomyces elegans -- Saksenaea vasiformis -- Cokeromyces recurvatus -- Cunninghamella bertholletiae -- Syncephalastrum racemosum -- Basidiobolus sp. -- Conidiobolus coronatus -- Dematiaceous Fungi -- Introduction -- Fonsecaea pedrosoi -- Fonsecaea compacta -- Rhinocladiella spp. -- Phialophora verrucosa -- TABLE 16 Characteristics of Phialophora, Pleurostomophora, Phaeoacremonium, Acremonium, Phialemonium, and Lecythophora -- Pleurostomophora richardsiae (formerly Phialophora richardsiae) -- Phaeoacremonium parasiticum (formerly Phialophora parasitica) -- Phialemonium spp. -- Cladosporium spp. -- TABLE 17 Characteristics of Cladosporium and Cladophialophora spp. -- Cladophialophora carrionii -- Cladophialophora bantiana -- Cladophialophora boppii (formerly Taeniolella boppii) -- Pseudallescheria boydii (sexual state) / Scedosporium apiospermum (asexual state) complex -- TABLE 18 Differentiating phenotypic characteristics of the clinically encountered members of the Pseudallescheria boydii complex and Scedosporium prolificans -- Scedosporium prolificans (formerly Scedosporium inflatum) -- Ochroconis gallopava (formerly Dactylaria constricta var.gallopava) -- TABLE 19 Differentiation of the clinically encountered Ochroconis species -- TABLE 20 Characteristics of some of the "black yeasts" -- Exophiala jeanselmei complex -- Exophiala dermatitidis (Wangiella dermatitidis) -- Hortaea werneckii (Phaeoannellomyces werneckii) -- Madurella mycetomatis -- Madurella grisea -- Piedraia hortae -- Aureobasidium pullulans -- TABLE 21 Differential characteristics of Aureobasidium pullulans versus Hormonema dematioides -- Hormonema dematioides -- Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (formerly Scytalidium dimidiatum) -- Botrytis sp. -- Stachybotrys chartarum (S. alternans, S. atra) -- Graphium eumorphum -- Curvularia spp. -- Bipolaris spp. -- TABLE 22 Characteristics of Bipolaris, Drechslera, and Exserohilum spp. -- Exserohilum spp. -- Helminthosporium sp -- Alternaria sp -- Ulocladium sp. -- Stemphylium sp. -- Pithomyces sp. -- Epicoccum sp. -- Nigrospora sp. -- Chaetomium sp. -- Phoma spp. -- Dermatophytes -- Introduction -- Microsporum audouinii -- Microsporum canis var. canis -- Microsporum canis var. distortum -- Microsporum cookei -- Microsporum gypseum complex -- Microsporum gallinae -- Microsporum nanum -- Microsporum vanbreuseghemii -- Microsporum ferrugineum -- Trichophyton mentagrophytes -- TABLE 23 Differentiation of similar conidia-producing Trichophyton spp -- Trichophyton rubrum -- Trichophyton tonsurans -- Trichophyton terrestre -- Trichophyton megninii -- Trichophyton soudanense -- TABLE 24 Growth patterns of Trichophyton species on nutritional test media -- Trichophyton schoenleinii -- Trichophyton verrucosum -- Trichophyton violaceum -- Trichophyton ajelloi -- Epidermophyton floccosum -- Hyaline Hyphomycetes -- Introduction -- Coccidioides spp. -- TABLE 25 Differential characteristics of fungi in which arthroconidia predominate -- Malbranchea spp. -- Geomyces pannorum -- Arthrographis kalrae -- Hormographiella aspergillata -- Emmonsia spp. -- The Genus Aspergillus -- Aspergillus fumigatus -- Aspergillus niger -- Aspergillus flavus -- TABLE 26 Identification of the most common species of Aspergillus -- Aspergillus versicolor -- Aspergillus calidoustus.