Ebook: Philosophy and Computing: Essays in Epistemology, Philosophy of Mind, Logic, and Ethics

This book features papers from CEPE-IACAP 2015, a joint international conference focused on the philosophy of computing. Inside, readers will discover essays that explore current issues in epistemology, philosophy of mind, logic, and philosophy of science from the lens of computation. Coverage also examines applied issues related to ethical, social, and political interest. The contributors first explore how computation has changed philosophical inquiry. Computers are now capable of joining humans in exploring foundational issues. Thus, we can ponder machine-generated explanation, thought, agency, and other quite fascinating concepts. The papers are also concerned with normative aspects of the computer and information technology revolution. They examine technology-specific analyses of key challenges, from Big Data to autonomous robots to expert systems for infrastructure control and financial services. The virtue of a collection that ranges over philosophical questions, such as this one does, lies in the prospects for a more integrated understanding of issues. These are early days in the partnership between philosophy and information technology. Philosophers and researchers are still sorting out many foundational issues. They will need to deploy all of the tools of philosophy to establish this foundation. This volume admirably showcases those tools in the hands of some excellent scholars.;Introduction: Situating Computing in Philosophy (Thomas M. Powers) -- Chapter 1. Levels of Computational Explanation (Michael Rescorla) -- Chapter 2. On the Relation of Computing to the World (William J. Rapaport) -- Chapter 3. Cognitive Computation sans Representation (Paul Schweizer) -- Chapter 4. Software Error as a Limit to Inquiry for Finite Agents: Challenges for the Post-human Scientist (John F. Symons and Jack K. Horner) -- Chapter 5. The Singularity Business: Toward a Realistic, Fine-grained Economics for an AI-Infused World (Selmer Bringsjord) -- Chapter 6. Artificial Moral Cognition: from Functionalism to Autonomous Moral Agents (Don Howard and Ioan Muntean) -- Chapter 7. AI and the Automation Of Wisdom (Shannon Vallor) -- Chapter 8. An Analysis of Machine Ethics from the Perspective of Autonomy (Mario Verdicchio) -- Chapter 9. Beyond Informed Consent: Investigating Ethical Justifications for Disclosing, Donating or Sharing Personal Data in Research (Markus Christen, Josep Domingo-Ferrer, Dominik Herrmann, Jeroen van den Hoven) -- Chapter 10. Big Data, Digital Traces and the Metaphysics of the Self (Soraj Hongladarom) -- Chapter 11. Why Big Data Needs the Virtues (Frances S. Grodzinsky).