Ebook: Against wind and tide: the African American struggle against the colonization movement

'Against Wind and Tide' tells the story of African American's battle against the American Colonization Society (ACS), founded in 1816 with the intention to return free blacks to its colony Liberia. Although ACS members considered free black colonization in Africa a benevolent enterprise, most black leaders rejected the ACS, fearing that the organisation sought forced removal. As Ousmane Power-Greene's story shows, these African American anti-colonisationists did not believe Liberia would ever be a true 'black American homeland'. In this study of anti-colonisation agitation, Power-Greene draws on newspapers, meeting minutes, and letters to explore the concerted effort on the part of nineteenth century black activists, community leaders, and spokespersons to challenge the American Colonization Society's attempt to make colonisation of free blacks federal policy.