Ebook: Encyclopedia of African-American culture and history: the Black experience in the Americas

v. 1. A-B -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Africa: An Introduction -- List of Articles -- Directory of Contributors -- Aaron, Hank -- Abakuá -- Abbott, Robert Sengstacke -- Abdul-Jabbar, Kareem -- Abernathy, Ralph David -- Abolition -- Abyssinian Baptist Church -- Adams, Grantley -- Affirmative Action -- African Blood Brotherhood -- African Burial Ground Project -- African Civilization Society (AfCS) -- African Diaspora -- African Free School -- Africanisms -- African Methodist Episcopal Church -- African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church -- African Orthodox Church -- African Union Methodism -- Afrocentrism -- Afrocubanismo -- AIDS in the Americas -- Ailey, Alvin -- Al-Amin, Jamil Abdullah -- Albizu Campos, Pedro -- Aldridge, Ira -- Alexander, Clifford L., Jr. -- Alexander, Raymond Pace -- Alexander, Sadie Tanner Mossell -- Ali, Muhammad -- Allan, Harold -- Allen, Debbie -- Allen, Macon Bolling -- Allen, Richard -- Alleyne, George -- Almeida Bosque, Juan -- Amelioration -- American Moral Reform Society -- American Negro Academy (ANA) -- American Negro Theatre -- American Tennis Association -- Amistad Mutiny -- Anastácia -- Anderson, Marian -- Angelou, Maya -- Anglo-African, The -- Antebellum Convention Movement -- Anthropology and Anthropologists -- Anti-Apartheid Movement -- Anti-Colonial Movements -- Anti-Haitianism -- Apollo Theater -- Aponte, José Antonio -- Archaeology and Archaeologists -- Architecture -- Architecture: Overview -- Vernacular Architecture -- Archival Collections -- Aristide, Jean-Bertrand -- Armstrong, Louis -- Art -- Art in Haiti -- Art in the Anglophone Caribbean -- Art in the United States, Contemporary -- Art Collections -- Ashe, Arthur -- Associated Publishers -- Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians -- Association for the Study of African American Life and History -- Astronauts -- Atlanta Compromise -- Atlanta Riot of 1906 -- Attaway, William -- Attucks, Crispus -- Augier, Roy -- Autobiography, U.S. -- Bagnall, Robert -- Bahá'í Communities in the Caribbean -- Bailey, Amy -- Bailey, Beryl Loftman -- Bailey, Pearl -- Baker, Ella J. -- Baker, Josephine -- Baldwin, James -- Ballet -- Baltimore Afro-American -- Bambara, Toni Cade -- Bandera, Quintín -- Banneker, Benjamin -- Bannister, Edward Mitchell -- Baptists -- Baraka, Amiri (Jones, LeRoi) -- Barbadoes, James G. -- Barbados Labour Party -- Barbosa Gomes, Joaquim Benedito -- Barnett, Marguerite Ross -- Barrow, Errol -- Barrow, Nita -- Barry, Marion -- Barthé, Richmond -- Baseball -- Basie, William James "Count" -- Basketball -- Basquiat, Jean-Michel -- Bates, Daisy -- Battle, Kathleen -- Bearden, Romare -- Bedward, Alexander -- Belafonte, Harry -- Belmanna Riots -- Benn, Brindley -- Bennett, Louise -- Berry, Chuck -- Berry, Halle -- Bethune, Mary McLeod -- Bethune-Cookman College -- Bevel, James -- Bibb, Henry Walton -- Biggart, James -- Biography, U.S. -- Bird, V.C. -- Bishop, Maurice -- Black Academy of Arts and Letters -- Black Arts Movement -- Blackburn, Robert -- Black Caribs -- Black Codes -- Black Dandy, The -- Black Entertainment Television (BET) -- Black History Month/Negro History Week -- Black-Indian Relations -- Black Manifesto -- Black Middle Class -- Black Panther Party for Self-Defense -- Black Power Movement -- Black Press in Brazil -- Black Studies -- Black Towns -- Blackwell, Unita -- Black Women's Club Movement -- Black World/Negro Digest -- Blaize, Herbert -- Blake, Eubie -- Blake, Vivian -- Blakey, Art (Buhaina, Abdullah Ibn) -- Blaxploitation Films -- Blues, The -- The Blues -- The Blues in African-American Culture -- Blueswomen of the 1920S and 1930S -- Blyden, Edward Wilmot -- Bogle, Paul -- Bond, Horace Mann -- Bond, Julian -- Bonds, Margaret -- Bontemps, Arna -- Boxing -- Bradley, David -- Bradley, Tom -- Bradshaw, Robert -- Braithwaite, William Stanley -- Brathwaite, Edward Kamau -- Brawley, Benjamin Griffith -- Brawley, Edward McKnight -- Breakdancing -- Briggs, Cyril -- Brimmer, Andrew Felton -- Broadside Press -- Brodber, Erna -- Brooke, Edward W. -- Brooks, Gwendolyn -- Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters -- Brown, Andrew Benjamin -- Brown, Charlotte Hawkins -- Brown, Claude -- Brown, Henry "Box" -- Brown, James -- Brown, Ronald H. -- Brown, Roscoe, Jr. -- Brown, Sterling Allen -- Brown, William Wells -- Brown, Willie -- Brown Fellowship Society -- Brownsville, Texas, Incident -- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas -- Bruce, Blanche Kelso -- Bruce, John Edward -- Bubbles, John -- Bullins, Ed -- Bunche, Ralph -- Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands -- Burke, Lilly Mae -- Burke, Rudolph Augustus -- Burke, Yvonne Brathwaite -- Burleigh, Harry T. -- Burnett, Charles -- Burnham, Forbes -- Burns, Anthony -- Burroughs, Margaret Taylor -- Burroughs, Nannie Helen -- Bustamante, Alexander -- Butler, Octavia -- Butler, Uriah -- Butts, Calvin.;v. 1. A-B -- v. 2. C-F -- v. 3. G-L -- v. 4. M-P -- v. 5. Q-Z -- v. 6. Appendix, Index.;v. 5. Q-Z -- Quarles, Benjamin -- Queen Latifah (Owens, Dana Elaine) -- Querino, Manuel -- Race, Scientific Theories of -- Race and Education in Brazil -- Race and Science -- Racial Democracy in Brazil -- Radio -- Ragtime -- Rainbow/PUSH Coalition -- Raines, Franklin D. -- Rainey, Ma -- Randolph, Asa Philip -- Rangel, Charles Bernard -- Rap -- Rapier, James Thomas -- Rastafarianism -- Rebouças, André -- Rebouças, Antônio Pereira -- Recording Industry -- Redding, Jay Saunders -- Redding, Otis -- Red Summer -- Reed, Ishmael -- Reggae -- Reggae Aesthetics -- Religion -- Remond, Charles Lenox -- Remond, Sarah Parker -- Renaissance Big Five (Harlem Rens) -- Reparations -- Representations of Blackness -- Representations of Blackness in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Representations of Blackness in the United States -- Republic of New Africa -- Revels, Hiram Rhoades -- Revivalism -- Revolta da Chibata -- Revolutionary Action Movement -- Rhythm and Blues -- Rice, Condoleezza -- Rier, Carl P. -- Riggs, Marlon -- Ringgold, Faith -- Riots and Popular Protests -- Risquet, Jorge -- Roach, Max -- Robeson, Eslanda -- Robeson, Paul -- Robinson, A.N.R. -- Robinson, Bill "Bojangles" -- Robinson, Jackie -- Robinson, Jo Ann Gibson -- Robinson, Sugar Ray -- Rodney, Walter -- Rolle, Esther -- Romaine-la-Prophétesse -- Roosevelt's Black Cabinet -- Ross, Diana -- Rowan, Carl T. -- Rudolph, Wilma -- Ruggles, David -- Runaway Slaves -- Runaway Slaves in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Runaway Slaves in the United States -- Run-D.M.C. -- Russwurm, John Brown -- Rustin, Bayard -- Saar, Alison -- Saar, Betye Irene -- Salem, Peter -- Samba -- Sanchez, Sonia -- Sangster, Donald -- San Lorenzo de los Negros -- San Martín de Porras -- Santería -- Santería Aesthetics -- Santos-Febres, Mayra -- Savage, Augusta -- Savoy Ballroom -- Scholes, Theophilus -- Schomburg, Arthur -- Schuyler, George S. -- Science -- Scott, Emmett J. -- Scott, Hazel -- Scott, James Sylvester -- Scott-Heron, Gil -- Scottsboro Case -- Seacole, Mary -- Seale, Bobby -- Shabazz, Betty -- Shakur, Assata (Chesimard, Joanne Deborah Bryon) -- Shange, Ntozake -- Sharpe, Samuel -- Sharpton, Al -- Shearer, Hugh -- Sherlock, Philip -- Shuttlesworth, Fred L. -- Sickle-Cell Disease -- Simmons, Russell -- Simmons, Ruth J. -- Simone, Nina (Waymon, Eunice Kathleen) -- Simpson, Lorna -- Simpson, O.J. -- Simpson Miller, Portia -- Singleton, Benjamin "Pap" -- Singleton, John -- Sisters of the Holy Family -- Skin Color -- Slave Codes -- Slave Narratives -- Slave Narratives of the Caribbean and Latin America -- Slave Religions -- Slavery -- Slavery and the Constitution -- Slave Trade -- Sleet, Moneta J., Jr. -- Smalls, Robert -- Smith, Anna Deavere -- Smith, Barbara -- Smith, Barbara ("B. Smith") -- Smith, Bessie -- Smith, James McCune -- Smith, Mamie -- Smith, Venture -- Smith, Will -- Sobers, Garfield -- Soccer -- Social Dance -- Social Gospel -- Social Psychology, Psychologists, and Race -- Social Work -- Sociology -- Sociology: Overview -- Scholarship in the Post-Civil Rights Era -- Solomon, Patrick -- Sororities, U.S. -- Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) -- Southwell, Paul -- Spaulding, Charles Clinton -- Spelman College -- Spingarn Medal -- Spiritual Church Movement -- Spirituality -- Spirituals -- Sports -- Stepin Fetchit (Perry, Lincoln) -- Still, William -- Still, William Grant -- Stokes, Carl Burton -- Stono Rebellion -- Stout, Reneé -- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) -- Sullivan, Leon Howard -- Sullivan, Louis -- Sun Ra (Blount, Herman "Sonny") -- Supremes, The -- Sutton, Percy Ellis -- Sweatt v. Painter -- Tailor's Revolt -- Tanner, Benjamin Tucker -- Tanner, Henry Ossawa -- Tap Dance -- Taylor, Koko -- Television -- Temptations, The -- Tennis -- Terrell, Mary Eliza Church -- Teshea, Isabel -- Textiles, Diasporic -- Tharpe, "Sister" Rosetta -- Theatrical Dance -- Theology, Black -- Third World Women's Alliance -- Thirteenth Amendment -- Thomas, Clarence -- Thurman, Howard -- Thurman, Wallace -- Tia Ciata -- Till, Emmett -- Tolson, Melvin B. -- Toomer, Jean -- Toussaint, Pierre -- Toussaint-Louverture -- TransAfrica Forum -- Trindade, Solano -- Tropical Diseases -- Trotter, James Monroe -- Trotter, William Monroe -- Troupe, Quincy -- Truth, Sojourner -- Tubman, Harriet -- Turner, Benjamin Sterling -- Turner, Henry McNeal -- Turner, Lorenzo Dow -- Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment -- Tuskegee University -- Twilight, Alexander -- Tyson, Cicely -- Tyson, Mike -- Underground Railroad -- Union League of America -- United Negro College Fund -- United States Commission on Civil Rights -- Universal Negro Improvement Association -- University of the West Indies -- Urban Cinema -- Urban Poverty in the Caribbean -- VanDerZee, James -- Van Peebles, Melvin -- Varick, James -- Vaughan, Sarah -- Voodoo -- Voting Rights Act of 1965 -- Walcott, Derek Alton -- Walcott, Frank -- Walcott, Jersey Joe -- Walker, Aida Overton -- Walker, A'Lelia -- Walker, Alice -- Walker, David -- Walker, George William -- Walker, Kara -- Walker, Madam C.J. -- Walker, Margaret -- Walker, Wyatt Tee -- Walrond, Eric Derwent -- Ward, Samuel Ringgold -- Washington, Booker T. -- Washington, Denzel -- Washington, Harold -- Washington, Margaret Murray -- Waters, Ethel -- Waters, Maxine Moore -- Watts, J.C. -- Weaver, Robert Clifton -- Webb, Frank J. -- Weems, Carrie Mae -- Wells-Barnett, Ida B. -- Wesley, Charles Harris -- West, Cornel -- West, Dorothy -- Westerman, George -- West Indies Democratic Labour Party -- West Indies Federal Labour Party -- West Indies Federation -- Wheatley, Phillis -- Whipper, William -- White, Walter Francis -- Whitehead, Colson -- Wideman, John Edgar -- Wilberforce University -- Wilder, Lawrence Douglas -- Wilkins, Roy -- Williams, Bert -- Williams, Billy Dee (December, William) -- Williams, Eric -- Williams, Fannie Barrier -- Williams, Francis -- Williams, George Washington -- Williams, Henry Sylvester -- Williams, Hosea Lorenzo -- Williams, Mary Lou -- Williams, Patricia Joyce -- Williams, Peter, Jr. -- Williams, Robert Franklin -- Williams, Venus and Serena -- Willis, Deborah -- Wilson, August -- Wilson, Flip -- Wilson, Fred -- Wilson, Harriet E. Adams -- Wilson, William Julius -- Winfrey, Oprah -- Winti in Suriname -- Woman's Era -- Women's Magazines -- Women Traders of the Caribbean -- Women Writers of the Caribbean -- Wonder, Stevie (Morris, Stevland) -- Woodford Square -- Woodruff, Hale -- Woods, Tiger -- Woodson, Carter G. -- Work, Monroe Nathan -- Wright, Richard -- Wright, Theodore Sedgwick -- Wynter, Sylvia -- Yerby, Frank -- Yergan, Max -- Yoruba Religion and Culture in the Americas -- Young, Andrew -- Young, Coleman -- Young, Whitney M., Jr. -- Zydeco.;v. 6. Appendix, Index -- Primary Source Documents -- The Beginnings of the Portuguese-African Slave Trade in the Fifteenth Century, as Described by the Chronicler Gomes Eannes de Azurara (c. 1450) -- The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself (Olaudah Equiano, 1789) -- An Appeal in Four Articles (David Walker, 1829) -- The Confessions of Nat Turner (1831) -- The Life Experience and Gospel Labors of the Rt. Rev. Richard Allen (1833) -- Address at the African Masonic Hall (Maria Stewart, 1833) -- An Address to Slaves of the United States of America (Henry Highland Garnet, 1843) -- What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? (Frederick Douglass, 1852) -- The Atlanta Declaration (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 1854) -- The Call of Providence to the Descendants of Africa in America (Edward Wilmot Blyden, 1862) -- The Emancipation Proclamation (1863) -- Address to the First Annual Meeting of the Equal Rights Association (Sojourner Truth, 1867) -- Thanksgiving Day Sermon: The Social Principle Among a People and Its Bearing on Their Progress and Development (Alexander Crummell, 1875) -- Guerilla Warfare, A Bush Negro View (Johannes King, 1885) -- A Voice from the South (Anna Julia Cooper, 1892) -- The American Negro and His Fatherland (Henry McNeal Turner, 1895) -- The Atlanta Exposition Address (Booker T. Washington, 1895) -- Plessy v. Ferguson -- God is a Negro (Bishop Henry M. Turner, 1898) -- Of Our Spiritual Strivings (W.E.B. Du Bois, 1903) -- The Talented Tenth (W.E.B. Du Bois, 1903) -- The Niagara Movement: Declaration of Principles (1905) -- Poems of the Harlem Renaissance (1919-1931) -- Our Women Getting into the Larger Life (Amy Jacques Garvey, c. 1925) -- Black Skin, White Masks (Frantz Fanon, excerpts, 1952) -- We Shall Overcome (1960) -- The African Presence (George Lamming, 1960) -- I Have a Dream (Martin Luther King Jr., 1963) -- Letter from Birmingham Jail (Martin Luther King Jr., 1963) -- The Ballot or the Bullet (Malcolm X, 1964) -- Life in Mississippi: An Interview with Fannie Lou Hamer (1965) -- Platform and Program of the Black Panther Party (1966) -- Toward Black Liberation (Stokely Carmichael, 1966) -- Black Power--Its Relevance to the West Indies (Walter Rodney, 1968) -- A Black Feminist Statement (The Combahee River Collective, 1977) -- The Afrocentric Idea in Education (Molefi Kete Asante, 1991) -- Statistics and Lists Contents -- Top African-American Owned Businesses in the United States -- African-American U.S. Economic Data -- African-American U.S. Educational Statistics -- African-American Award Winners in Entertainment -- African-American Health Statistics -- African-American Award Winners and Honorees--Pulitzer Prize, Nobel Prize, Presidential Medal of Freedom, U.S. Postage Stamps -- African-American U.S. Occupational Data -- African-American Mayors in U.S. Cities, Representatives in U.S. Congress, and Heads of State in the Americas -- African-American Population Data -- African-American Membership in U.S. Religious Denominations -- African-American Sports Statistics, Lists, and Award Winners -- Text Acknowledgments -- Index.;v. 4. M-P -- Mabley, Jackie "Moms" -- Maceo, Antonio -- Machado de Assis, Joaquim Maria -- Mackey, William Wellington -- Madame Satã (Dos Santos, João Francisco) -- Madhubuti, Haki R. (Lee, Don L.) -- Mais, Roger -- Makandal, François -- Malcolm X -- Malê Rebellion -- Manley, Edna -- Manley, Michael -- Manley, Norman -- Manning, Patrick -- Manumission Societies -- Manzano, Juan Francisco -- Marley, Bob -- Maroon Arts -- Maroon Societies in the Caribbean -- Marrant, John -- Marsalis, Wynton -- Marshall, Kerry James -- Marshall, Paule -- Marshall, Thurgood -- Marson, Una -- Martin, John Sella -- Masculinity -- Mathematicians -- Mathis, Johnny (Mathias, John Royce) -- Mayfield, Julian -- Mayors -- Mays, Benjamin E. -- Mays, Willie -- McBurnie, Beryl -- McDaniel, Hattie -- McHenry, Donald F. -- McIntosh, George -- McKay, Claude -- McKinney, Cynthia Ann -- McKissick, Floyd B. -- McMillan, Terry -- McRae, Carmen -- Media and Identity in the Caribbean -- Medical Associations -- Meek, Carrie -- Meredith, James H. -- Messenger, The -- Metcalfe, Ralph -- Mfume, Kweisi -- Michaux, Elder -- Micheaux, Oscar -- Midwifery -- Migration -- Migration in the African Diaspora -- U.S. Migration/Population -- Military Experience, African-American -- Million Man March -- Mingus, Charles -- Minstrels/Minstrelsy -- Missionary Movements -- Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party -- Mitchell, Arthur -- Mitchell, Arthur Wergs -- Mitchell, Clarence, Jr. -- Mitchell, Parren J. -- Modern Jazz Quartet -- Moncada, Guillermo -- Monk, Thelonious Sphere -- Montejo, Esteban -- Montgomery, Ala., Bus Boycott -- Montgomery Improvement Association -- Moody, Anne -- Moody, Harold Arundel -- Moore, Archie -- Moore, Audley "Queen Mother" -- Moore, Richard Benjamin -- Morant Bay Rebellion -- Moravian Church -- Morehouse College -- Morejón, Nancy -- Morris Knibb, Mary -- Morrison, Toni -- Mortality and Morbidity -- Mortality and Morbidity in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Mortality and Morbidity in the United States -- Moseley-Braun, Carol -- Moses, Robert Parris -- Motley, Archibald John, Jr. -- Motley, Constance Baker -- Moton, Robert Russa -- Mound Bayou, Mississippi -- Movimento Negro Unificado -- Moyne Commission -- Muddy Waters (Morganfield, McKinley) -- Muhammad, Elijah -- Mulzac, Hugh -- Muralists -- Murphy, Eddie -- Murray, Pauli -- Museums -- Music -- Music in Latin America -- Music in the United States -- Music, Religion, and Perceptions of Crime in Early Twentieth-Century Rio de Janeiro -- Musical Instruments -- Musical Theater -- Music Collections, Black -- Muslims in the Americas -- Mutual Aid Societies -- Myal -- Myers, Isaac -- NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund -- Nabrit, James Madison -- Names and Naming, African -- Names Controversy -- Nanny of the Maroons -- Nascimento, Abdias Do -- Nash, Diane -- Nash, William Beverly -- National Afro-American League/Afro-American Council -- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) -- National Association of Colored Women -- National Association of Negro Musicians -- National Bankers Association -- National Baptist Convention, U.S.A., Inc. -- National Black Evangelical Association -- National Council of Negro Women -- National Federation of Afro-American Women -- National Hospital Association -- Nationalism in the United States in the Nineteenth Century -- National League for the Protection of Colored Women -- National Negro Congress -- National Negro Labor Council -- National Urban League -- National Welfare Rights Organization -- Nation of Islam -- Nat Turner's Rebellion -- Natural Resources of the Caribbean -- Naylor, Gloria -- Neal, Larry -- Négritude -- Negro American Labor Council -- Negro Elections Day -- Negro National Anthem -- Negro Sanhedrin -- Negros Brujos -- Negro String Quartet -- Negro World -- Nell, William Cooper -- Nethersole, Noel Newton -- Nettleford, Rex -- New Jewel Movement -- New Media and Digital Culture -- New Negro -- Newton, Huey P. -- Newton, James -- Niagara Movement -- Nixon, Edgar Daniel -- Noble Drew Ali -- Norman, Jessye -- North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company -- Northrup, Solomon -- North Star -- Norton, Eleanor Holmes -- Numbers Games -- Nursing -- Nursing in the Caribbean -- Nursing in the United States -- OBAC Writers' Workshop -- Obeah -- Oblate Sisters of Providence -- Odetta (Gordon, Odetta Holmes Felious) -- Ogbu, John -- O'Leary, Hazel Rollins -- Olympians -- Opera -- Operation PUSH (People United to Serve Humanity) -- Opportunity: Journal of Negro Life -- Orisha -- Owen, Chandler -- Owens, Jesse -- Padmore, George -- Paige, Satchel -- Painter, Nell Irvin -- Painting and Sculpture -- Palcy, Euzhan -- Palenque San Basilio -- Palmares -- Pan-Africanism -- Pan-African Orthodox Church (The Shrine of the Black Madonna) -- Panama Canal -- Parker, Charlie -- Parks, Gordon -- Parks, Rosa -- Parks, Suzan-Lori -- Parsons, Lucy -- Partido Independiente de Color -- Passing -- Patents and Inventions -- Patterson, Floyd -- Patterson, Percival James "P. J." -- Patterson, William -- Payne, Daniel Alexander -- Peck, Raoul -- Pelé (Edson Arantes Do Nascimento) -- Pennington, James W.C. -- Pentecostalism -- Pentecostalism in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Pentecostalism in North America -- People's National Congress -- Peoples National Movement -- People's National Party -- Performance Art -- Philanthropy and Foundations -- Phillips, Caryl -- Phillips-Gay, Jane -- Photography -- Diasporic Photography -- Photography, U.S. -- Phylon -- Pinchback, P.B.S. -- Pindling, Lynden Oscar -- Piper, Adrian -- Pittsburgh Courier -- Plessy v. Ferguson -- Poetry, U.S. -- Poitier, Sidney -- Political Ideologies -- Politics -- Politics and Politicians in Latin America -- Politics in the United States -- Women and Politics in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Poor, Salem -- Poor People's Campaign -- Popular Culture -- Port Royal Experiment -- Powell, Colin -- Powers, Harriet -- Presbyterians -- Price, George -- Price, Mary Violet Leontyne -- Pride, Charley Frank -- Primitive Baptists -- Prince, Lucy Terry -- Prince, Mary -- Prince (Nelson, Prince Rogers) -- Printmaking -- Proctor, Henry Hugh -- Professional Organizations -- Protestantism in the Americas -- Pryor, Richard -- Purvis, Robert -- Puryear, Martin.;v. 2. C-F -- Caesar, Shirley -- Cain, Richard Harvey -- Calloway, Cab -- Calloway, Nathaniel -- Calypso -- Cambridge, Godfrey MacArthur -- Campbell, Clifford Clarence -- Canada, Blacks in -- Canadian Writers -- Canadian Writers in English -- Canadian Writers in French -- Candomblé -- Capoeira -- Cardozo, Francis L. -- Carew, Jan -- Carey, Lott -- Caribbean Commission -- Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) -- Caribbean/North American Writers (Contemporary) -- Caribbean Theater, Anglophone -- Carmichael, Stokely -- Carneiro, Edison -- Carney, William H. -- Carnival in Brazil and the Caribbean -- Carroll, Diahann -- Carter, John -- Carter, Martin -- Carver, George Washington -- Cary, Mary Ann Shadd -- Catholicism in the Americas -- Catlett, Elizabeth -- Cayton, Horace -- Celia -- Cemeteries and Burials -- Central African Religions and Culture in the Americas -- Césaire, Aimé -- Chaguaramas -- Chamberlain, Wilt -- Chambers, George -- Chamoiseau, Patrick -- Chaney, James Earl -- Charles, Eugenia -- Charles, Ezzard -- Charles, Ray (Robinson, Ray Charles) -- Chase, Ashton -- Chavis, Benjamin Franklin, Jr. -- Chesnutt, Charles W. -- Chica da Silva -- Chicago Defender -- Children's Literature -- Childress, Alice -- Chisholm, Shirley -- Christiana Revolt of 1851 -- Christian Denominations, Independent -- Christianity in Film -- Christian Methodist Episcopal Church -- Christian Recorder -- Christophe, Henri -- Civil Rights Congress -- Civil Rights Movement, U.S. -- Civil War, U.S. -- Clark, Kenneth Bancroft -- Clark, Septima -- Clarke, Austin -- Clarke, John Henrik -- Clarke, Lewis G. -- Clay, William Lacy -- Cleage, Albert B., Jr. -- Cleaver, Eldridge -- Cleveland, James -- Club Atenas -- Coartación -- Cobb, W. Montague -- Cochran, Johnnie L., Jr. -- Coker, Daniel -- Cole, Nat "King" -- Coleman, Bessie -- Coleman, Ornette -- Collins, Cardiss -- Colón Man -- Colored Farmers Alliance -- Coltrane, John -- Combs, Sean -- Comedians -- Comic Books -- Comic Strips -- Communist Party of the United States -- Community Radio -- Condé, Maryse -- Cone, James H. -- Congos of Panama -- Congressional Black Caucus -- Congress of National Black Churches, Inc. -- Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) -- Constantine, Learie -- Conyers, John -- Cooke, Howard -- Cook, Mercer -- Cooper, Anna J. -- Coppin, Fanny Jackson -- Coppin, Levi Jenkins -- Cornish, Samuel E. -- Cortez, Jayne -- Cosby, Bill -- Cotton Club -- Council on African Affairs -- Cox, Oliver Cromwell -- Craft, Ellen and William -- Creole Languages of the Americas -- Criminal Justice System -- Crisis, The -- Critchlow, Hubert Nathaniel -- Critical Mixed-Race Studies -- Critical Race Theory -- Crockett, George William, Jr. -- Crouch, Stanley -- Crummell, Alexander -- Cruse, Harold -- Cuffe, Paul -- Cullen, Countee -- Dalton-James, Edith -- Dance, Diasporic -- Dancehall -- Dance Theater of Harlem -- Dandridge, Dorothy -- Danticat, Edwidge -- Dash, Julie -- Da Silva, Benedita -- Das Neves, Eduardo -- Davis, Allison -- Davis, Angela -- Davis, Benjamin O., Jr. -- Davis, Miles -- Davis, Ossie -- Davis, Sammy, Jr. -- DeCarava, Roy -- Declaration of Independence -- Dee, Ruby -- De Jesus, Carolina Maria -- Delaney, Joseph -- Delany, Martin R. -- Delany, Samuel R. -- Dellums, Ron -- Demerara Revolt -- Demography -- Denbow, Claude H.A. -- De Passe, Suzanne -- DePriest, Oscar Stanton -- Dessalines, Jean-Jacques -- Dialect Poetry -- Diasporic Cultures in the Americas -- Dickson, Moses -- Diddley, Bo (McDaniel, Otha Elias) -- Diggs, Charles, Jr. -- Digital Culture -- Dillard University -- Dinkins, David -- Divination and Spirit Possession in the Americas -- Dixon, Melvin -- Documentary Film -- Dodson, Owen -- Domestic Workers -- Domingo, W.A. -- Dom Obá II D'África -- Dorsey, Thomas A. -- Dos Prazeres, Heitor -- Douglas, Aaron -- Douglass, Frederick -- Dove, Rita -- Dove, Ulysses -- Dozens, The -- Drake, St. Clair -- Drama -- Dred Scott v. Sandford -- Dreke, Víctor -- Drew, Charles Richard -- Du Bois, Shirley Graham -- Du Bois, W.E.B. -- Dub Poetry -- Dunbar, Paul Laurence -- Dunbar-Nelson, Alice -- Dunham, Katherine -- Durham Manifesto -- Du Sable, Jean Baptiste Pointe -- Duvalier, François -- Easton, Hosea -- Ebony -- Eckstine, Billy -- Economic Condition, U.S. -- Edelman, Marian Wright -- Education -- Education in the Caribbean -- Education in the United States -- Educational Psychology and Psychologists -- Egipcíaca, Rosa -- Elders, Joycelyn -- Ellington, Edward Kennedy "Duke" -- Ellison, Ralph -- Emancipation -- Emancipation in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Emancipation in the United States -- English, African-American -- Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship -- Environmental Racism -- Episcopalians -- Equiano, Olaudah -- Estimé, Dumarsais -- Ethnic Origins -- Europe, James Reese -- Evers, Charles -- Evers, Medgar -- Experimental Theater -- Fanon, Frantz -- Fard, Wallace D. -- Farmer, James -- Farm Worker Program -- Farrakhan, Louis -- Father Divine -- Fauset, Jessie Redmon -- February Revolt -- Federal Writers' Project -- Feelings, Thomas -- Feminist Theory and Criticism -- Festivals, U.S. -- Fifteenth Amendment -- Film -- Film in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Film in the United States -- Contemporary Film in the United States -- Filmmakers, Los Angeles School of -- Filmmakers in the Caribbean -- Fisher, Rudolph -- Fisk Jubilee Singers -- Fisk University -- Fitzgerald, Ella -- Flake, Floyd H. -- Flipper, Henry O. -- Folk Arts and Crafts -- Folklore -- Folklore: Overview -- Folklore: Latin American and Caribbean Culture Heroes and Characters -- Folklore: U.S. Folk Heroes and Characters -- Folk Medicine -- Folk Music -- Folk Religion -- Food and Cuisine -- Latin American and Caribbean Food and Cuisine -- U.S. Food and Cuisine -- Football -- Ford, James W. -- Foreman, George -- Forten, James -- Fortune, T. Thomas -- Fourteenth Amendment -- Foxx, Redd -- Francisco, Slinger "The Mighty Sparrow" -- François, Elma -- Franklin, Aretha -- Franklin, C.L. -- Franklin, John Hope -- Franks, Gary -- Fraternal Orders -- Fraternities, U.S. -- Frazier, Edward Franklin -- Frazier, Joe -- Frederick Douglass' Paper -- Free Blacks, 1619-1860 -- Freedman's Bank -- Freedmen's Hospital -- Freedom Rides -- Freedom's Journal -- Freedom Summer -- Freeman, Elizabeth (Mum Bett, Mumbet) -- Freeman, Morgan -- Free Villages -- Frente Negra Brasileira -- Fuller, Charles -- Fuller, Meta Vaux Warrick.;A five-volume set and supplement covering all aspects of the African-American experience from 1619 to the present day. Using biographies, historical essays, and thematic pieces, many written by foremost scholars, it addresses a wide array of subjects in over 2,300 articles to define in one source the cultural roots, participation in American life, and current condition of the African-American community.;v. 3. G-L -- Gabriel Prosser Conspiracy -- Gaines, Ernest J. -- Gairy, Eric -- Gama, Luiz -- Gardens and Yard Art -- Garnet, Henry Highland -- Garrido, Juan -- Garvey, Amy Ashwood -- Garvey, Amy Jacques -- Garvey, Marcus -- Gary Convention -- Gaskin, Winifred -- Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. -- Gaye, Marvin (Gay, Marvin Pentz) -- Gay Men -- George, David -- Gibson, Althea -- Gibson, Josh -- Gillespie, Dizzy -- Giovanni, Nikki -- Glasspole, Florizel -- Glissant, Edouard -- Glover, Danny -- Glover, Savion -- Goldberg, Whoopi -- Gomes, Peter John -- Gómez, Juan Gualberto -- Gordon, George William -- Gordy, Berry -- Gospel Music -- Gossett, Louis, Jr. -- Goveia, Elsa V. -- Grace, Sweet Daddy -- Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose -- Grajales Cuello, Mariana -- Grandfather Clause -- Grandmaster Flash (Saddler, Joseph) -- Gravenberch, Adolf Frederik -- Gray, William H., III -- Great Depression and the New Deal -- Green, Al -- Gregory, Dick -- Griggs, Sutton Elbert -- Grimké, Angelina Weld -- Grimké, Archibald Henry -- Grimké, Charlotte L. Forten -- Grimké, Francis James -- Guardian, The -- Guillén, Nicolás -- Gullah -- Hair and Beauty Culture -- Hair and Beauty Culture in Brazil -- Hair and Beauty Culture in the United States -- Haitian Creole Language -- Haitian Revolution -- Haitian Revolution: Overview -- American Reaction to the Haitian Revolution -- Haley, Alex -- Hall, Prince -- Hamer, Fannie Lou (Townsend, Fannie Lou) -- Hamilton, William -- Hammon, Briton -- Hammon, Jupiter -- Hammons, David -- Hampton, Lionel Leo -- Hampton Institute -- Hancock, Gordon Blaine -- Hancock, Herbie -- Hansberry, Lorraine -- Harlem, New York -- Harlem Globetrotters -- Harlem Renaissance -- Harlem Writers Guild -- Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins -- Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. -- Harris, Barbara Clementine -- Harris, Patricia Roberts -- Harris, Wilson -- Harrison, Hubert Henry -- Hart Sisters of Antigua -- Hastie, William Henry -- Hatcher, Richard Gordon -- Hayes, Isaac -- Haywood, Harry -- Headley, George -- Healing and the Arts in Afro-Caribbean Cultures -- Hearne, John (Caulwell, Edgar) -- Hector, Tim -- Height, Dorothy -- Hemphill, Essex -- Hendrix, Jimi -- Henson, Josiah -- Henson, Matthew A. -- Higginbotham, A. 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