Ebook: Writing and Using Learning Outcomes: a Practical Guide

Bologna Handbooks,bologna@raabe.de Implementing Bologna in your institution, C 3.4-1Given that one of the main features of the Bologna process is the need to improve the traditional
ways of describing qualifications and qualification structures, all modules and programmes in third
level institutions throughout the European Higher Education Area should be (re)written in terms of
learning outcomes. Learning outcomes are used to express what learners are expected to achieve
and how they are expected to demonstrate that achievement. This article presents a summary of
developments in curriculum design in higher education in recent decades and, drawing on recent
practical experience, suggests a user-friendly methodology for writing modules, courses and
programmes in terms of learning outcomes.