Ebook: Intraoperative Radiotherapy: Clinical Experiences and Results

The development of the capacity to use electron beams at various energies stimulated the development of the new technology of intraoperative radiation therapy. The visual­ ization of the primary tumor, definition of the site to be irradiated, and knowledge of the size of tumor to be irradiated, including adequate margins for microscopic extent along with debulking of the tumor, have allowed intraoperative radiation therapy to be pur­ sued in a wide variety of disease processes. Not only is it possible to treat tumors that were highly resistant, but it is also possible to specifically localize the tumor with a mar­ gin adequate to encompass potential microscopic extensions and to choose the appro­ priate electron beam energy to treat the potential residual tumor and spare the adjacent normal structures. It is, furthermore, possible to treat patients with unresectable tumors. Central to this entire development is the fact that normal structures can be removed from the field of treatment. In the beginning, the emphasis was on single fractions of electron beam radiation without subsequent supplementation by external photon beam radiation therapy. How­ ever, more recently it has become necessary to use not only a single electron beam frac­ tion during the course of the operation, but to supplement it with external beam treat­ ment. The encouraging results obtained with intraoperative radiation therapy have led to clinical trials at a large number of institutions throughout the world.

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This monograph reports on the largest clinical series to date in which intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) has been used in multidisciplinary treatment programs for tumors of various sites and differing histological subtype. It represents the product of 5 years' intensive work by physicians active at a leading European institution. The findings are supplemented by a thorough review of the data presented worldwide during the last two decades. This combination of extensive experience and previously published results enables important practical and conceptual aspects of the current status of IORT to be clarified and indicates areas for future development. The results in this book are meticulously presented and focus on the most important features of clinical research reports based on phase I-II studies (toxicity, local tumor control, and survival data). The tumor sites and histologies analyzed are: head and neck cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, gynecologic cancer, soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities, retroperitoneal and other central soft tissue sarcomas, Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and intracranial tumors.